Chemical composition of wax

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1. Wax Economic importance of wax The value of beeswax for the national economy is extremely large. Thanks to a number of valuable properties, beeswax is the most important raw material for the socialist industry, and is...
2. Sense of smell and taste in bees A person likes to talk about his “five senses,” although science has long established that, in addition to a sense of sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch, there are also some other feelings that correspond...
3. Reproduction of bee colonies Natural swarming of bees. In natural conditions, the increase in the number of families occurs by digestion. Swarming is a manifestation of the instinct of reproduction of a bee family. The swarming is as follows....
4. How do bees talk to each other? The previous chapters talked about training, which allows you to get some data about the feelings of bees. The prerequisite for such experiments is that the bees we want to train come to our experimental...
5. Properties of wax Remarkable properties of wax attracted the attention of man in ancient times. It is established that in ancient Egypt it was widely used in sacrifices. In ancient Rome and Greece, wax candles burned in the...
6. Main properties of honey The color of honey depends to the greatest extent on what plants honey comes from. Thus, honey from white acacia, linden, sweet clover, alfalfa and clover is light in color, from almost white to pale...
7. Methods of increasing the amount of wax from bee colonies In the system of measures to increase the waxy products of the apiary, timely nest change is very important. This method is widely used by many beekeepers. However, the timely replacement of nests, being the...
8. Internal structure of the bee’s body Muscles. The bee can produce a variety of movements: crawl, fly, bend the abdomen and sting, clean the antennae, perform various kinds of work – collect nectar and pollen, build honeycombs, etc. In addition, the...
9. Chemical composition of honey Bees are adapted to highly specialized food. From nectar and pollen, they receive all the substances they need to reproduce, grow, develop and perform numerous works. Honey is a product of bee processing of plant...
10. Quality of wax The quality of the wax depends on the raw materials, method and processing conditions of processing. Its physical state depends on the presence of impurities, temperature, storage conditions. When processing raw materials, especially of poor...
11. Beekeeping stock Fig. Equipment for the care of bees: 1 – facial mesh; 2 – smoke apiary DP; 3 – therapeutic smoke DPL; 4 – chisel of the apiary SPM; 5 – working box-stool; 6 – box...
12. Protection of bees from poisoning To obtain sustainable high yields of hothouse crops, pest and plant diseases are controlled using pesticides. Pesticides used in greenhouses are classified by action: – on contact – cause the death of insects when they...
13. Wax in cosmetics Wax is also widely used in cosmetics. It is a part of nutritious, astringent, cleansing, bleaching creams, face masks, in many cosmetic preparations and is an excellent thickening base for creams, lipsticks, etc. Wax is...
14. Feeding base of beekeeping and measures to expand and improve it For successful development and high productivity of beekeeping, as well as any branch of animal husbandry, a powerful and stable fodder base is necessary. The feeding base of beekeeping is honey plants of field crop...
15. Building a nest with bees Under natural conditions, the newly formed family of bees (swarm), settling in a suitable place for housing, for example, in the hollow of a tree, a cave, a cleft of a rock, etc., is immediately...
16. Councils with honey in folk medicine Aloe (century, Sabur). For medicinal purposes, a thickened leaf juice is used. In folk medicine, the juice of fresh aloe leaves mixed with fat and honey in the following proportions is used in the treatment...
17. Wax processing But it is not enough just to collect wax raw materials. It is necessary to process it even in time for wax. Normally rejected old dry land is re-heated 2-3 times per season. But the...
18. The composition of beeswax Beeswax – a product produced by the bees waxes – is a complex chemical substance, which has not been fully studied in our days. The structure of beeswax (in the future we will only talk...
19. Wax productivity of the apiary The increase in wax productivity is very important, and for many apiaries of Ukraine – the main link in their work. In order to achieve an increase in the yield of wax in the apiary,...
20. Determining the quality of honey The quality of bee honey can be determined organoleptically and by other simple techniques. Great importance in determining the quality of honey has a viscosity – the resistance of honey to flow through the hole,...
21. Large wax moth Wax moths are called night butterflies, the caterpillars of which feed on wax. There are two types of moths: large and small. A large wax moth (moth, clap, Gal-leria mellonella) is a 20 mm long...
22. Providing bees with water Bees eat liquid food, and the water available in honey completely satisfies their need, until they perform no work (in autumn, in winter). However, during the growing of larvae, the need for water increases. If...
23. Autumn work in the apiary With the termination of a bribe, there is a great danger of the occurrence of bee theft. At this time in the nests of bees there are still many flying bees and in families the...
24. Nervous system, sense organs and behavior of bees Every living organism exists in changing environmental conditions and is able to adapt to these conditions. The existence of an organism without its interaction with the external environment is impossible. A living organism is capable...
25. Hibernation of bees Properly organized bee hibernation is one of the most important tasks in beekeeping. A good winter is considered to be a wintering, in which not only there is no escape of bee colonies or corn...
26. External structure of the bee’s body Outer cover. Bees, like all insects, do not have an internal bone skeleton, which in vertebrate animals represents the basis and support of the whole body. Instead of the internal skeleton, bees have a hard...
27. Framing frames Beehive frames should be piled with whole sheets of artificial wax. With this nastavity, the work of the bees is facilitated and accelerated; a smaller number of bees are occupied by the construction of honeycombs,...
28. Diseases of the brood The foulbrood. The term “foulbrood” refers to the infectious diseases of the brood of the bee family, accompanied by rotting in different stages of development. Diseases of all three bee colonies are affected, and the...
29. Collection of nectar and pollen Bees collect nectar and flower pollen from the flowers of plants. Nectar is distinguished by special glands of plants – nectaries. After processing with a bee, it becomes honey. Bees can collect other sweet substances....
30. Framing frames of artificial wax Equipment: frames, combined rollers with a spur, planks, punch or an awl, electric plates, metal bowls with a capacity of 2 … 3 liters, hammers, pliers, knives. Materials: artificial wax, tinned wire, small nails. Methodical...
31. Determination of the content of honey pads Equipment and utensils: marching laboratories for determination of admixture of honey paddies, pad determinant, salt cellars with lids, glass sticks (sharpened at one end), chemical test tubes, 10 ml graduated, muffle furnace, desiccator, analytical balance....
32. Evaluation of the quality of artificial wax An artificial wax is a wax sheet with the bases of cells squeezed out on it. When using an artificial honeycomb attached to frames, bees quickly build honeycombs with bee cells. At the same time,...
33. Enemies and pests of bees Moth, or wax moth. This is the most intrusive pest of honeycombs, and sometimes the brood of bees. There are several types of moths. On our apiaries are seen two of its kind: larger and...
34. Wind turbine in-house Fig. 1. Two-bladed wind power unit: 1 – windmill; 2 – reducer; 3 – generator; 4 – support; 5 – tail; 6 – post; 7 – extensions; 8 – the lever. Correctly made windy unit...
35. About the wax moth and the solar wax-furnace Honeycombs, freed from honey, are saved until the next honey crop in the sewers – special unheated rooms that are inaccessible to bees. In large beekeeping farms, where there are a lot of honeycombs, sotohranilischa...
36. Miracle-wax-furnace Each apiary has a solar wax-up. In it, bright light honeycombs are re-heated and with a minimum of labor they receive high-quality wax. However, it can not be used effectively in the early spring and...
37. Nourishing creams with wax Cream for cleansing the skin. Wax 6 g, borax – 0.5 g, peach or apricot oil – 27.5 g, water – 16 ml. Add water after the mixture has cooled to 40 њ C. Nourishing...
38. Diseases of adult bees The most common diseases of adult bees are caused by parasites; most pathogens of these diseases have microscopic dimensions (for example, the causative agent of nosematosis), but there are also visible by a simple eye...
39. Dressing hides Of course, at home it is difficult to have excellent results when dressing heavy (7-20 kg) skins taken from a cow or a bull, an elk or a wild boar. Therefore, we will confine ourselves...
40. Treatment with oxalic acid Reports on the use of oxalic acid vapors in varroatosis caused the response of beekeepers. They offer their devices and devices as evaporators. Many proposals deserve attention, and some are not without serious shortcomings. The...