Method of excretion of fistula
One of the most difficult tasks facing a novice beekeeper – an amateur – is the timely replacement of queens and reproduction of families. Adopted on most amateur apiaries, a bee care system using swarming is unacceptable for those who work in the city and do not have the ability to permanently be with the apiary. This determines the fact that many bees start beating only after retiring. The technology of artificial withdrawal of queens for the purpose of changing and creating their reserve for most beginner beekeepers – amateurs is beyond their powers, since it is too difficult and without qualified consultations, there is not enough practice to comprehend.
The bee care system, which provides for the periodicity of work in the apiary, the use of family division at the right time, has proved in practice that the fistula, bred in a strong family during the main harvest, is better than artificially derived and not worse than the swarms. The withdrawal of fistula by the recommended method is quite affordable for beginners.
The concept of fistula as “second-rate” is based on the results of a study of all such queens that were uncontrolled after the selection of the uterus, without taking into account the level of development of the family, sometimes in an inoptimal period.
In unfavorable conditions, the bees actually excrete fetal queens (including older larvae), which will be insufficiently egg-bearing.
In many studies, a comparison of all fistula queens hatched by bees in bezmatovochnyh families is made with those uterus that are obtained artificially and undergo control from the moment of preparation of larvae for education to the marriage of excreted and mated uterus – such is the technology. Naturally, the results of comparison are not in favor of fistula.
Some beekeepers forget that the so-called artificial uterus is the same fistulous,
It is known that with the separation of the uterus from the brood and its partial isolation, the bees are planted in the brood portion of the nest by queen cells. And in the presence of the uterus, their laying takes place in a calm atmosphere, with careful selection by the bees of the larvae. Matochnikov rebuilt a little (5-6), and they all are laid on young larvae, or even on 3-day eggs. This method of withdrawal of fistula is widely used in practical beekeeping abroad.
To obtain good uterus by this method it is necessary to observe the following conditions:
– The mothers should lay a bookmark in the presence of the old uterus when it is separated from the brood;
– The queens must be removed in the middle of June, during the warm season, during a plentiful harvest;
– the cultivation of queens should be performed in the best families, having the maximum strength;
– to ensure control over the withdrawal of queens with the rejection of first open queen cells (for the age of the larva and the amount of milk in the mother liquor), and then of the sealed queen cells in shape and size.
With the observance of these conditions, the withdrawal of substandard fistula is virtually excluded. In this case, as with the artificial method, the quality of the hatched queens is controlled by the beekeeper at all stages. And let there be a small number of queens received in one family (5-6). For an amateur apiary from 5-10 families, this method can be quite acceptable. It allows even a beginner beekeeper to carry out pedigree work in the apiary and have the required reserve of queens.
If it is necessary to obtain a larger number of queens, either increase the number of families in the breeding core of the apiary or switch to an artificial withdrawal of the uterus that is acceptable to the beekeeper. In the latter case, without proper experience, skill is indispensable.
The second argument of opponents of using fistula is usually a reference to the alleged decrease in the productivity of families that withdraw fistula. This sometimes happens, but with Central Russian bees, if the beginning of the oviposition of the young womb, the honey is exhausted. But the Carpathian and close to them krainskie bees do not reduce honey harvest and in the absence of the uterus in the withdrawal of fistulous. However, observing the recommended conditions for the withdrawal of fistula, and with Central Russian bees, you can get excellent results.
The withdrawal of fistula by the Kemerovo method is recommended in order to preserve the individual qualities of the most valuable tribal families. It is emphasized that “the new families obtained in this way have all the positive hereditary qualities of the mother families and are distinguished by their non-militancy and high productivity.”
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