Glacier for food storage

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1. Reproduction of bee colonies Natural swarming of bees. In natural conditions, the increase in the number of families occurs by digestion. Swarming is a manifestation of the instinct of reproduction of a bee family. The swarming is as follows....
2. Wax Economic importance of wax The value of beeswax for the national economy is extremely large. Thanks to a number of valuable properties, beeswax is the most important raw material for the socialist industry, and is...
3. Diseases of adult bees The most common diseases of adult bees are caused by parasites; most pathogens of these diseases have microscopic dimensions (for example, the causative agent of nosematosis), but there are also visible by a simple eye...
4. Root storage The room for storage of root crops should be dry. In a wet cellar for a long time you will not save any potatoes, carrots or beetroot, a day or two later you will have...
5. Barn, cellar and glacier 1 – drainage pipe, 2 – slag, 3 – brushwood, 4 – ice, 5 – earth, 6 – straw Procuring ice during the frost in any quantity is not particularly difficult. Ice (river, etc.) must...
6. Hibernation of bees Properly organized bee hibernation is one of the most important tasks in beekeeping. A good winter is considered to be a wintering, in which not only there is no escape of bee colonies or corn...
7. Shower on the nomad During the migrations most of the work of the beekeeper must be performed in hot weather. And no matter how easy his clothes are, there is still a secretion of sweat, which excites and angers...
8. Main properties of honey The color of honey depends to the greatest extent on what plants honey comes from. Thus, honey from white acacia, linden, sweet clover, alfalfa and clover is light in color, from almost white to pale...
9. Treatment with oxalic acid Reports on the use of oxalic acid vapors in varroatosis caused the response of beekeepers. They offer their devices and devices as evaporators. Many proposals deserve attention, and some are not without serious shortcomings. The...
10. Beekeeping stock Fig. Equipment for the care of bees: 1 – facial mesh; 2 – smoke apiary DP; 3 – therapeutic smoke DPL; 4 – chisel of the apiary SPM; 5 – working box-stool; 6 – box...
11. Dressing hides Of course, at home it is difficult to have excellent results when dressing heavy (7-20 kg) skins taken from a cow or a bull, an elk or a wild boar. Therefore, we will confine ourselves...
12. Internal structure of the bee’s body Muscles. The bee can produce a variety of movements: crawl, fly, bend the abdomen and sting, clean the antennae, perform various kinds of work – collect nectar and pollen, build honeycombs, etc. In addition, the...
13. How to make a heat chamber for processing bees To increase the efficiency of anti-varrotic treatment of bees, we produced a thermocamera, the structure of which has been described with some modifications. The frame of the thermal chamber is made of bars measuring 30X30...
14. Providing bees with water Bees eat liquid food, and the water available in honey completely satisfies their need, until they perform no work (in autumn, in winter). However, during the growing of larvae, the need for water increases. If...
15. Alpine hive -the most highly productive -The most economical -the most convenient in operation General characteristics of the hive “Alpine” is a multi-hull hive, in contrast to similar traditional structures, it has one tap, no separation grid...
16. Winterers In order for families to leave the hibernation without a retreat and without significant debris of bees, healthy and with a dry, non-moldy nest, a good, modern winter queen is needed, in which it is...
17. The eyes of the bees and their ability to see If the reader ever had breakfast at a village in the air, there is honey, then probably the bees attracted by the honey smell were also on the table. In this case, you can always...
18. Autumn work in the apiary With the termination of a bribe, there is a great danger of the occurrence of bee theft. At this time in the nests of bees there are still many flying bees and in families the...
19. Hive Currently, almost all bee colonies of Ukrainian apiaries are kept in so-called frame hives. In these hives each honeycomb is enclosed in a rectangular wooden frame, which can be freely removed and inserted back into...
20. How to make a tub In the pictures: 1 – The tub, the general view; 2 – ratio of the diameter of the tub and its height; 3 – Template; 4 – Marking riveting; 5 – Fragment of riveting with...
21. Hive multi-storey The best hive is one that resembles a hollow – the natural habitat of honey bees. This is just the case with the multi-hull vertical hive. In it, bees can live just as they have...
22. Large wax moth Wax moths are called night butterflies, the caterpillars of which feed on wax. There are two types of moths: large and small. A large wax moth (moth, clap, Gal-leria mellonella) is a 20 mm long...
23. The device of hives and their classification Requirements for the hives. The beehive is the home of bees, an artificially created man, so it must most fully satisfy the biological characteristics of the bee family and at the same time be strong...
24. Device of the hive for the pavilion It is now generally accepted that the vertical arrangement of the hives is more in keeping with the natural habitat of the bees – the hollow. The desire of bees to develop a nest in...
25. Storage of forage stocks of bees Prepared for bees, peregu, pollen or pollen, it is important to be able to save, so that this perishable product may have lost its fodder quality. To do this, it is necessary that the storage...
26. Transportation of bees The work begins with the development of a calendar plan for the use of bees for pollination of crops. Then they get acquainted with the basic methods of using bees on pollination of plants, taking...
27. Feed for bees, cooked using sugar Bees, like many animals, are more productive when they are fully fed. The natural and best food for bees is honey. However, in greenhouses, often because of the lack of a sufficient number of honey...
28. Harvesting, storage and use of honey combs Prepare winter-spring honey reserves should be in the form of full honey combs with sealed cells. Honey in the sealed cells is easier to store, since it is isolated from the surrounding air. In unsealed...
29. Diseases of the brood The foulbrood. The term “foulbrood” refers to the infectious diseases of the brood of the bee family, accompanied by rotting in different stages of development. Diseases of all three bee colonies are affected, and the...
30. Wintering of bees in the greenhouse Cleaning bees in the winter hut. Wintering bees is the most important period in the life of bees. From its outcome depends the state of the apiary and the further ability of the bees to...
31. Protection of bees from poisoning To obtain sustainable high yields of hothouse crops, pest and plant diseases are controlled using pesticides. Pesticides used in greenhouses are classified by action: – on contact – cause the death of insects when they...
32. Work on an apiary at the end of a bribe and making nests for a winter Before the end of the honey collection, it is necessary to immediately begin to organize the hives and prevent the theft of bees, which can occur when the bribe breaks. Measures against the attack of...
33. Type of hive for an apiary wintering at will It is believed that in our zone it is advantageous to place stationary apiaries in groups of 30-35 hives. Point from the point should be located no closer than 4 5 km. Over many years...
34. Determination of the content of honey pads Equipment and utensils: marching laboratories for determination of admixture of honey paddies, pad determinant, salt cellars with lids, glass sticks (sharpened at one end), chemical test tubes, 10 ml graduated, muffle furnace, desiccator, analytical balance....
35. Universal apiary device During the active bee season at different times bees are given feeding, water, pollen, nucleuses are formed, the swarm is caught, varroa mites are killed, etc. For each operation, a separate device is usually used....
36. Honey kvas Kvass (bread, berry, honey, etc.) – a favorite drink in our country. Even before the formation of Kievan Rus, the art of cooking different kvass was owned by the Eastern Slavs. Honey kvass (honey) is...
37. Keeping the bees in working order In the bee families exhibited in January in the hothouse, a lot of broods appear in a week. To grow it you need honey, perga and water. In search of food, bees come into active...
38. Cleaning of nests and disinfection of hives When cleaning the hive, brown spots are especially carefully scraped – traces of diarrhea during wintering. These spots can serve as a source of spores of a dangerous disease of adult bees – nosematosis. Carefully...
39. The content of bees in hives-loungers Only strong bee colonies are biologically full and most productive in honey and wax. They are always ready to use any, even short-term bribes. Therefore, the methods of taking care of bees and their contents...
40. How do bees talk to each other? The previous chapters talked about training, which allows you to get some data about the feelings of bees. The prerequisite for such experiments is that the bees we want to train come to our experimental...