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1. The eyes of the bees and their ability to see If the reader ever had breakfast at a village in the air, there is honey, then probably the bees attracted by the honey smell were also on the table. In this case, you can always...
2. Wax Economic importance of wax The value of beeswax for the national economy is extremely large. Thanks to a number of valuable properties, beeswax is the most important raw material for the socialist industry, and is...
3. Reproduction of bee colonies Natural swarming of bees. In natural conditions, the increase in the number of families occurs by digestion. Swarming is a manifestation of the instinct of reproduction of a bee family. The swarming is as follows....
4. Drying cabinets for berries and fruits Fruits, berries, mushrooms can be dried in drying cabinets. Dried plums, apricots, and pears are delicious and mouth-watering in appearance. Drying cabinets should be placed in an unsealed area. The cabinet is made of sheet...
5. Linterna para trabajar en la oscuridad Los electricistas a menudo tienen que trabajar con poca visibilidad. Es bueno, si hay un compañero cerca, que iluminará el lugar de trabajo, y el instrumento dará. Si no hay un compañero cercano, la antorcha...
6. Framing frames Beehive frames should be piled with whole sheets of artificial wax. With this nastavity, the work of the bees is facilitated and accelerated; a smaller number of bees are occupied by the construction of honeycombs,...
7. How do bees talk to each other? The previous chapters talked about training, which allows you to get some data about the feelings of bees. The prerequisite for such experiments is that the bees we want to train come to our experimental...
8. Hibernation of bees Properly organized bee hibernation is one of the most important tasks in beekeeping. A good winter is considered to be a wintering, in which not only there is no escape of bee colonies or corn...
9. How to make a thermostat for heating beehives When organizing the wintering of bees in the wild or in an unheated room, to create optimal conditions, beehive families sometimes use the electrical heating of the nest. At the same time, the power of...
10. Enemies and pests of bees Moth, or wax moth. This is the most intrusive pest of honeycombs, and sometimes the brood of bees. There are several types of moths. On our apiaries are seen two of its kind: larger and...
11. Treatment with oxalic acid Reports on the use of oxalic acid vapors in varroatosis caused the response of beekeepers. They offer their devices and devices as evaporators. Many proposals deserve attention, and some are not without serious shortcomings. The...
12. Wind turbine in-house Fig. 1. Two-bladed wind power unit: 1 – windmill; 2 – reducer; 3 – generator; 4 – support; 5 – tail; 6 – post; 7 – extensions; 8 – the lever. Correctly made windy unit...
13. Transportation of bees The work begins with the development of a calendar plan for the use of bees for pollination of crops. Then they get acquainted with the basic methods of using bees on pollination of plants, taking...
14. Autumn work in the apiary With the termination of a bribe, there is a great danger of the occurrence of bee theft. At this time in the nests of bees there are still many flying bees and in families the...
15. Feeding base of beekeeping and measures to expand and improve it For successful development and high productivity of beekeeping, as well as any branch of animal husbandry, a powerful and stable fodder base is necessary. The feeding base of beekeeping is honey plants of field crop...
16. Temperature control in the pavilion When keeping bees in insulated pavilions (taking into account the correct preparation of families), wintering usually passes successfully. But if the average temperature in the region in the winter months is relatively low, then the...
17. External structure of the bee’s body Outer cover. Bees, like all insects, do not have an internal bone skeleton, which in vertebrate animals represents the basis and support of the whole body. Instead of the internal skeleton, bees have a hard...
18. Double-casing content of bees Along with the hives-lounges, two-hull beehives are now widely distributed. Methods and methods of keeping bees in such hives are usually called bicomponent contents. With a bicomponent content of bee colonies, significantly more bees grow...
19. Summer work in the apiary Staging of stores and selection of frames for the creation of fodder stocks for the winter. During the bribe period, it is very important that there are always enough free cells in the nest to...
20. Framing frames of artificial wax Equipment: frames, combined rollers with a spur, planks, punch or an awl, electric plates, metal bowls with a capacity of 2 … 3 liters, hammers, pliers, knives. Materials: artificial wax, tinned wire, small nails. Methodical...
21. Diseases of adult bees The most common diseases of adult bees are caused by parasites; most pathogens of these diseases have microscopic dimensions (for example, the causative agent of nosematosis), but there are also visible by a simple eye...
22. Main properties of honey The color of honey depends to the greatest extent on what plants honey comes from. Thus, honey from white acacia, linden, sweet clover, alfalfa and clover is light in color, from almost white to pale...
23. Wintering of bees in the greenhouse Cleaning bees in the winter hut. Wintering bees is the most important period in the life of bees. From its outcome depends the state of the apiary and the further ability of the bees to...
24. Digestion of pollen by bees Bees feed on pollen unevenly throughout life. In the early days. after leaving the cell, the bee eats a lot, which causes the midgut to increase greatly: the intestine volume from 6.7 mm3 increases to...
25. Sense of smell and taste in bees A person likes to talk about his “five senses,” although science has long established that, in addition to a sense of sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch, there are also some other feelings that correspond...
26. Celestial compass of bees The Vikings had no idea of ​​the compass. In distant wanderings across the ocean, they were guided by the sun, moon and stars. With the orientation you can use the heavenly bodies in two ways,...
27. Perception by bees of polarized light Fig. 94. Observation beehive in an inclined position. Even with such a slight inclination bees can dance, guided by the direction of gravity. To more accurately study the behavior of bees on a horizontal dance...
28. Internal structure of the bee’s body Muscles. The bee can produce a variety of movements: crawl, fly, bend the abdomen and sting, clean the antennae, perform various kinds of work – collect nectar and pollen, build honeycombs, etc. In addition, the...
29. Schemes of pollen catchers Receiving pollen from plants or pergs from honeycombs is a very laborious process. You can get the pollen already collected by bees, by selecting their updates from the tap when returning to the hive. Practical...
30. Need of a bee family in the stern When organizing a beekeeping farm, it is necessary to be able to calculate how many bee colonies can be kept under given specific conditions or what honeybase should be created for the required number of...
31. Work on an apiary at the end of a bribe and making nests for a winter Before the end of the honey collection, it is necessary to immediately begin to organize the hives and prevent the theft of bees, which can occur when the bribe breaks. Measures against the attack of...
32. Nervous system, sense organs and behavior of bees Every living organism exists in changing environmental conditions and is able to adapt to these conditions. The existence of an organism without its interaction with the external environment is impossible. A living organism is capable...
33. Cleaning of nests and disinfection of hives When cleaning the hive, brown spots are especially carefully scraped – traces of diarrhea during wintering. These spots can serve as a source of spores of a dangerous disease of adult bees – nosematosis. Carefully...
34. Bicycle and lift Bicycle carriage – lift. Often, the location of the apiary does not allow it to approach it on a truck fairly close, and it is not easy to transport multi-hull beams for a relatively large...
35. Beekeeping stock Fig. Equipment for the care of bees: 1 – facial mesh; 2 – smoke apiary DP; 3 – therapeutic smoke DPL; 4 – chisel of the apiary SPM; 5 – working box-stool; 6 – box...
36. Reproduction and development of bees Growth and development of the bee family under favorable conditions of the environment (plenty of food, proper temperature, etc.) is provided by all three forms of individuals: the uterus, working bees and drones, but their...
37. Wintering of queen bees The uterus in the bee-family occupies a prominent place. She is not only a mother here. Its pheromones are substances that not only attract drones during pairing flights, but also regulate behavior, inhibit the development...
38. Accommodation of hives in a greenhouse As the long experience of using bees in greenhouses shows, it is very important to choose the right place for placing the hive. The best place to house a hive in a greenhouse of any...
39. Bezotovy hive Honey bees during wintering use food that has been stored in the summer. They lost the ability to hibernate, which was with their ancestors. That is why these insects prepare a large amount of food...
40. Universal apiary device During the active bee season at different times bees are given feeding, water, pollen, nucleuses are formed, the swarm is caught, varroa mites are killed, etc. For each operation, a separate device is usually used....