Chemical composition of bee venom

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1. Internal structure of the bee’s body Muscles. The bee can produce a variety of movements: crawl, fly, bend the abdomen and sting, clean the antennae, perform various kinds of work – collect nectar and pollen, build honeycombs, etc. In addition, the...
2. Selection of poison in apiaries As is known, neither scientists nor practitioners have yet come to a common opinion about acceptable methods of poison selection, that is, the optimal location of the sampling devices in the hives, the frequency of...
3. Wax Economic importance of wax The value of beeswax for the national economy is extremely large. Thanks to a number of valuable properties, beeswax is the most important raw material for the socialist industry, and is...
4. Treatment with oxalic acid Reports on the use of oxalic acid vapors in varroatosis caused the response of beekeepers. They offer their devices and devices as evaporators. Many proposals deserve attention, and some are not without serious shortcomings. The...
5. Honey and Perga as food of bees For normal life and reproduction, animals, including bees, should receive with food the following nutrients: proteins, fats, carbohydrates, mineral salts, vitamins and water. All these substances are complex, high-molecular, have a large energy reserve. In...
6. Chemical composition of honey Bees are adapted to highly specialized food. From nectar and pollen, they receive all the substances they need to reproduce, grow, develop and perform numerous works. Honey is a product of bee processing of plant...
7. Honey food product The value of honey as a food and medicinal product. Honey is known as a food product for a very long time. Excellent taste qualities of honey are perfectly combined with its high nutritional content...
8. Hibernation of bees Properly organized bee hibernation is one of the most important tasks in beekeeping. A good winter is considered to be a wintering, in which not only there is no escape of bee colonies or corn...
9. Bee venom in homeopathy Its healing properties are devoted to many enthusiastic lines in all homeopathic manuals and journal articles, it is recommended for the treatment of a wide variety of diseases. Bee venom is one of the few...
10. Chemical composition of pollen The quality and value of pollen depends on its chemical composition. Approximately 30% of the composition of pollen is carbohydrate, sugar, a significant part of which the bee is mixed with pollen, so that it...
11. Reproduction of bee colonies Natural swarming of bees. In natural conditions, the increase in the number of families occurs by digestion. Swarming is a manifestation of the instinct of reproduction of a bee family. The swarming is as follows....
12. External structure of the bee’s body Outer cover. Bees, like all insects, do not have an internal bone skeleton, which in vertebrate animals represents the basis and support of the whole body. Instead of the internal skeleton, bees have a hard...
13. The composition and calorific value of honey Observations showed that athletes who consume a lot of sugar are significantly more enduring. However, sugar (beet, cane) and glucose are absorbed by our body in different ways. While glucose without any transformations comes from...
14. Bee venom in folk medicine Long-term observations and collected personal data on the state of health of beekeepers have shown that bee venom is a good remedy for certain diseases and has preventive properties. However, it should be remembered that...
15. Main properties of honey The color of honey depends to the greatest extent on what plants honey comes from. Thus, honey from white acacia, linden, sweet clover, alfalfa and clover is light in color, from almost white to pale...
16. Digestion of pollen by bees Bees feed on pollen unevenly throughout life. In the early days. after leaving the cell, the bee eats a lot, which causes the midgut to increase greatly: the intestine volume from 6.7 mm3 increases to...
17. Enrichment of sugar syrup with protein and other substances When feeding bees turn sugar syrup into sugar honey. In the content of simple sugars, it is similar to honey. Bees usually have a good winter on it, but because of the extremely low content...
18. Beef feeding for the winter When replenishing fodder reserves for the winter, and when replacing a portion of honey with sugar, time and quantity of sugar fed, the concentration of syrup and the addition of substances that improve the hibernation...
19. Getting bee venom Young bee-toiler, just emerged from its waxy cradle, almost devoid of bee venom. Gradually, the stock of poison increases and the bee of the 2-week-old reaches its maximum number. An original method for obtaining bee...
20. Bee venom for rheumatism Observations of the modern clinic and personal data confirm that bee venom has certain healing properties. A good curative effect was obtained in the eye in rheumatic diseases of joints and muscles, with sciatica, facial...
21. Diseases of adult bees The most common diseases of adult bees are caused by parasites; most pathogens of these diseases have microscopic dimensions (for example, the causative agent of nosematosis), but there are also visible by a simple eye...
22. Properties of bee venom Well-known properties of bee venom – causes pain, swelling, redness at the site of the bite – associated with its biological purpose. The role of bee venom reduces only to expel unwanted “lacquers” from the...
23. Temperature control in the pavilion When keeping bees in insulated pavilions (taking into account the correct preparation of families), wintering usually passes successfully. But if the average temperature in the region in the winter months is relatively low, then the...
24. Protection of bees from poisoning To obtain sustainable high yields of hothouse crops, pest and plant diseases are controlled using pesticides. Pesticides used in greenhouses are classified by action: – on contact – cause the death of insects when they...
25. The eyes of the bees and their ability to see If the reader ever had breakfast at a village in the air, there is honey, then probably the bees attracted by the honey smell were also on the table. In this case, you can always...
26. Keeping the bees in working order In the bee families exhibited in January in the hothouse, a lot of broods appear in a week. To grow it you need honey, perga and water. In search of food, bees come into active...
27. Making poison with bees The bee under the tip of the abdomen has a special protective device with a very complex structure: glands for making poison, a reservoir (bubble) for the accumulation of poison and a sting for insertion...
28. Soy flour replaces penguin For a long time already beekeepers noticed that in the absence of pollen in nature, bees willingly collect and carry flour in beehives (in the form of patches), visiting mills, barns, warehouses and other premises....
29. Prospects for treatment with bee venom Tablets contain different amounts of bee venom, purified from toxic protein (protein), and are colored in different colors depending on the dose of the poison. Coloring is carried out by harmless vegetable paints. For one...
30. Bee baby The young, just hatched chicken – the creature is in many respects underdeveloped, but in general it is very similar to the parents. He, like them, already has wings, legs and eyes. And out of...
31. Reproduction and development of bees Growth and development of the bee family under favorable conditions of the environment (plenty of food, proper temperature, etc.) is provided by all three forms of individuals: the uterus, working bees and drones, but their...
32. Giving honey an acid reaction High concentration of sugars of honey ensures its long-term preservation. But bees have a method that reliably protects this product from spoilage during long-term storage: bees give the honey a sharply acid reaction (active acidity),...
33. Bee venom with hypertension In folk medicine, it is known that bee venom lowers blood pressure. This property of bee venom is confirmed by experiments on animals. In studies on dogs, it has been established that intravenous injection of...
34. Pollen and Perga Flower pollen has recently enjoyed such a huge success that its value can be placed close to honey. On a clear summer day, standing not far from the hive hive, one can observe how bees...
35. How do bees talk to each other? The previous chapters talked about training, which allows you to get some data about the feelings of bees. The prerequisite for such experiments is that the bees we want to train come to our experimental...
36. If you were bitten by a bee To neutralize the poison of bees when stinging various means are suggested. Many of them are ineffective, and some (wet earth, clay, etc.) are even harmful, since they can cause tetanus or blood infection. The...
37. Vitaminized honey Speaking about the fact that bees in their bodies transform artificial nectar into vitamin-medicinal honey. Polyvitaminized honey is a natural bee honey, mechanically enriched with vitamins, highly nutritious, medicinal and other valuable substances. Thus, the...
38. Sense of smell and taste in bees A person likes to talk about his “five senses,” although science has long established that, in addition to a sense of sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch, there are also some other feelings that correspond...
39. Distribution of work in the bee hive We have already said that in the bee family there is a distribution of work. Some care for cleanliness, others look after the brood, build honeycombs or get food. Some researchers try to draw an...
40. Methods of therapeutic use of bee venom There are several ways to use bee venom for therapeutic purposes: by direct bee bite (classical method), by injection, by rubbing; with the help of electrophoresis, ultrasound, aerosol and steam inhalations and ingestion. The most...