Breeding work with bees

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1. Reproduction of bee colonies Natural swarming of bees. In natural conditions, the increase in the number of families occurs by digestion. Swarming is a manifestation of the instinct of reproduction of a bee family. The swarming is as follows....
2. Hibernation of bees Properly organized bee hibernation is one of the most important tasks in beekeeping. A good winter is considered to be a wintering, in which not only there is no escape of bee colonies or corn...
3. Species and breeds of bees Biological science, creatively developed by scientists, teaches that the entire animal and plant world, all living nature consists of separate groups of animals and plants, called species. There are many similarities between close species, which...
4. Diseases of adult bees The most common diseases of adult bees are caused by parasites; most pathogens of these diseases have microscopic dimensions (for example, the causative agent of nosematosis), but there are also visible by a simple eye...
5. Internal structure of the bee’s body Muscles. The bee can produce a variety of movements: crawl, fly, bend the abdomen and sting, clean the antennae, perform various kinds of work – collect nectar and pollen, build honeycombs, etc. In addition, the...
6. Keeping the bees in working order In the bee families exhibited in January in the hothouse, a lot of broods appear in a week. To grow it you need honey, perga and water. In search of food, bees come into active...
7. Work on an apiary at the end of a bribe and making nests for a winter Before the end of the honey collection, it is necessary to immediately begin to organize the hives and prevent the theft of bees, which can occur when the bribe breaks. Measures against the attack of...
8. Nervous system, sense organs and behavior of bees Every living organism exists in changing environmental conditions and is able to adapt to these conditions. The existence of an organism without its interaction with the external environment is impossible. A living organism is capable...
9. The eyes of the bees and their ability to see If the reader ever had breakfast at a village in the air, there is honey, then probably the bees attracted by the honey smell were also on the table. In this case, you can always...
10. How do bees talk to each other? The previous chapters talked about training, which allows you to get some data about the feelings of bees. The prerequisite for such experiments is that the bees we want to train come to our experimental...
11. Life of a bee family In order to properly and effectively manage the life and activities of bee colonies in order to increase their productivity and maximize the use of bees for pollinating many crops, the beekeeper must know not...
12. Feeding base of beekeeping and measures to expand and improve it For successful development and high productivity of beekeeping, as well as any branch of animal husbandry, a powerful and stable fodder base is necessary. The feeding base of beekeeping is honey plants of field crop...
13. Sense of smell and taste in bees A person likes to talk about his “five senses,” although science has long established that, in addition to a sense of sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch, there are also some other feelings that correspond...
14. Transportation of bees The work begins with the development of a calendar plan for the use of bees for pollination of crops. Then they get acquainted with the basic methods of using bees on pollination of plants, taking...
15. Reproduction and development of bees Growth and development of the bee family under favorable conditions of the environment (plenty of food, proper temperature, etc.) is provided by all three forms of individuals: the uterus, working bees and drones, but their...
16. External structure of the bee’s body Outer cover. Bees, like all insects, do not have an internal bone skeleton, which in vertebrate animals represents the basis and support of the whole body. Instead of the internal skeleton, bees have a hard...
17. Distribution of work in the bee hive We have already said that in the bee family there is a distribution of work. Some care for cleanliness, others look after the brood, build honeycombs or get food. Some researchers try to draw an...
18. Wax Economic importance of wax The value of beeswax for the national economy is extremely large. Thanks to a number of valuable properties, beeswax is the most important raw material for the socialist industry, and is...
19. Diseases of the brood The foulbrood. The term “foulbrood” refers to the infectious diseases of the brood of the bee family, accompanied by rotting in different stages of development. Diseases of all three bee colonies are affected, and the...
20. Transportation of bees for pollinating crops It has long been observed that the best yield of fruits or seeds of crops and the greatest honey harvest are when the apiary is on the area of ​​flowering crops or in the immediate...
21. Bee Species Used in Greenhouses In our country the following species of bees have become most widespread: Central Russian, Ukrainian steppe, gray mountain Caucasian, yellow Caucasian and Carpathian and their varieties. In the greenhouses can work and preserve all the...
22. Theft and attack of bees In a time-free period, especially with a sudden cessation of honey collection, old bees, worried about the need to replenish fodder reserves, wind around the storehouse where they store food for them, and at the...
23. The content of bees in hives-loungers Only strong bee colonies are biologically full and most productive in honey and wax. They are always ready to use any, even short-term bribes. Therefore, the methods of taking care of bees and their contents...
24. Durability of life of bees in greenhouses It is considered that the microclimate of greenhouses has a negative effect on bees. In order to weaken the influence of the greenhouse microclimate on bees, special rooms for hives were set up, and casings...
25. Digestion of pollen by bees Bees feed on pollen unevenly throughout life. In the early days. after leaving the cell, the bee eats a lot, which causes the midgut to increase greatly: the intestine volume from 6.7 mm3 increases to...
26. Training bees The basis for the “training” of bees is the teaching of IP Pavlov on the influence of the food stimulus on the physiological reactions of animals, that is, on the creation of a corresponding conditioned...
27. The composition of the fodder balance of the apiary The work on the composition of the feed balance of apiaries is carried out in the following order: 1) take into account the species composition of the major honey plants, growing in the area of...
28. Need of a bee family in the stern When organizing a beekeeping farm, it is necessary to be able to calculate how many bee colonies can be kept under given specific conditions or what honeybase should be created for the required number of...
29. Feeding of a bee family Among animals, as well as among people, there are sophisticated gourmands. But people have ample opportunities to satisfy their whims, whereas in animals nature has more strictly defined to each species what it can eat...
30. The first spring works in the apiary Tasks of the spring care for bees. The life of all plants and animals is inseparably linked with the conditions of the external environment in which they live. The life and development of bee colonies...
31. Use of a bribe About the main bribe. The time when the largest number of honey-plants blooming, giving bees abundant prey to nectar, is called the main bribe. The duration and abundance of the bribe depends on many factors:...
32. Replanting and replacement of queens To bee families were strong, productive and less swarmed, on advanced apiaries it is customary to change up to half of the queens annually. They change not only the old queens, but also the queens...
33. Special feeding of queen bees In the spring-summer period, supplementary fertilizers are used to replace natural maintenance honey, or to cause increased activity of bees, or to give bees medicinal substances. Addition of bees during the withdrawal of queens. It...
34. Beef feeding for the winter When replenishing fodder reserves for the winter, and when replacing a portion of honey with sugar, time and quantity of sugar fed, the concentration of syrup and the addition of substances that improve the hibernation...
35. Swarming of the bees in the apiary After the change of overwintered bees to young, the number of births increases rapidly. In the bee family, which reached 7-9 frames of brood, the mass of bees increases every day. Even the maximum egg...
36. How alarms work in bees In the warm season, in good weather, even in a time-free period, throughout the day a small part of the flying bees of the family is always in flight in search of sources of bribes:...
37. Building a nest with bees Under natural conditions, the newly formed family of bees (swarm), settling in a suitable place for housing, for example, in the hollow of a tree, a cave, a cleft of a rock, etc., is immediately...
38. Getting new families and forming cores with spare uteras The most common way to get new families is usually to build offsets. In this case, the family is formed by selecting from the one or more families 3 … 4 frames with young bees...
39. Care of bees in greenhouses Bees, depending on their breed, when examining the nest react differently. Southern bees are very peaceful. Nests can be examined without a facial mesh, and sometimes even without smoke. Central Russian bees are covetous, and...
40. Protection of bees from poisoning To obtain sustainable high yields of hothouse crops, pest and plant diseases are controlled using pesticides. Pesticides used in greenhouses are classified by action: – on contact – cause the death of insects when they...