Biomethod against varroa mite

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1. Reproduction of bee colonies Natural swarming of bees. In natural conditions, the increase in the number of families occurs by digestion. Swarming is a manifestation of the instinct of reproduction of a bee family. The swarming is as follows....
2. Diseases of adult bees The most common diseases of adult bees are caused by parasites; most pathogens of these diseases have microscopic dimensions (for example, the causative agent of nosematosis), but there are also visible by a simple eye...
3. Hibernation of bees Properly organized bee hibernation is one of the most important tasks in beekeeping. A good winter is considered to be a wintering, in which not only there is no escape of bee colonies or corn...
4. Keeping the bees in working order In the bee families exhibited in January in the hothouse, a lot of broods appear in a week. To grow it you need honey, perga and water. In search of food, bees come into active...
5. Work on an apiary at the end of a bribe and making nests for a winter Before the end of the honey collection, it is necessary to immediately begin to organize the hives and prevent the theft of bees, which can occur when the bribe breaks. Measures against the attack of...
6. Transportation of bees The work begins with the development of a calendar plan for the use of bees for pollination of crops. Then they get acquainted with the basic methods of using bees on pollination of plants, taking...
7. Feeding base of beekeeping and measures to expand and improve it For successful development and high productivity of beekeeping, as well as any branch of animal husbandry, a powerful and stable fodder base is necessary. The feeding base of beekeeping is honey plants of field crop...
8. How do bees talk to each other? The previous chapters talked about training, which allows you to get some data about the feelings of bees. The prerequisite for such experiments is that the bees we want to train come to our experimental...
9. Internal structure of the bee’s body Muscles. The bee can produce a variety of movements: crawl, fly, bend the abdomen and sting, clean the antennae, perform various kinds of work – collect nectar and pollen, build honeycombs, etc. In addition, the...
10. Hive Currently, almost all bee colonies of Ukrainian apiaries are kept in so-called frame hives. In these hives each honeycomb is enclosed in a rectangular wooden frame, which can be freely removed and inserted back into...
11. Diseases of the brood The foulbrood. The term “foulbrood” refers to the infectious diseases of the brood of the bee family, accompanied by rotting in different stages of development. Diseases of all three bee colonies are affected, and the...
12. Protection of bees from poisoning To obtain sustainable high yields of hothouse crops, pest and plant diseases are controlled using pesticides. Pesticides used in greenhouses are classified by action: – on contact – cause the death of insects when they...
13. Life of a bee family In order to properly and effectively manage the life and activities of bee colonies in order to increase their productivity and maximize the use of bees for pollinating many crops, the beekeeper must know not...
14. The eyes of the bees and their ability to see If the reader ever had breakfast at a village in the air, there is honey, then probably the bees attracted by the honey smell were also on the table. In this case, you can always...
15. Swarming of the bees in the apiary After the change of overwintered bees to young, the number of births increases rapidly. In the bee family, which reached 7-9 frames of brood, the mass of bees increases every day. Even the maximum egg...
16. Use of a bribe About the main bribe. The time when the largest number of honey-plants blooming, giving bees abundant prey to nectar, is called the main bribe. The duration and abundance of the bribe depends on many factors:...
17. Cleaning of nests and disinfection of hives When cleaning the hive, brown spots are especially carefully scraped – traces of diarrhea during wintering. These spots can serve as a source of spores of a dangerous disease of adult bees – nosematosis. Carefully...
18. Getting new families and forming cores with spare uteras The most common way to get new families is usually to build offsets. In this case, the family is formed by selecting from the one or more families 3 … 4 frames with young bees...
19. Wax Economic importance of wax The value of beeswax for the national economy is extremely large. Thanks to a number of valuable properties, beeswax is the most important raw material for the socialist industry, and is...
20. Sense of smell and taste in bees A person likes to talk about his “five senses,” although science has long established that, in addition to a sense of sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch, there are also some other feelings that correspond...
21. Species and breeds of bees Biological science, creatively developed by scientists, teaches that the entire animal and plant world, all living nature consists of separate groups of animals and plants, called species. There are many similarities between close species, which...
22. The content of bees in hives-loungers Only strong bee colonies are biologically full and most productive in honey and wax. They are always ready to use any, even short-term bribes. Therefore, the methods of taking care of bees and their contents...
23. Reproduction and development of bees Growth and development of the bee family under favorable conditions of the environment (plenty of food, proper temperature, etc.) is provided by all three forms of individuals: the uterus, working bees and drones, but their...
24. Methods of increasing the amount of wax from bee colonies In the system of measures to increase the waxy products of the apiary, timely nest change is very important. This method is widely used by many beekeepers. However, the timely replacement of nests, being the...
25. Acarapidosis of bees Acarapidosis (tick disease, acarosis, White’s disease) is an invasive disease of bee colonies, which causes tracheal injury. Economic damage. Disease in winter and spring causes weakening and death of bee colonies; spreads slowly, first weak,...
26. Beehive in greenhouses Not so long ago, hives of various designs were used in our country. Each experienced beekeeper considered it necessary to invent his hive design, often without taking into account the biological and physiological needs of...
27. Durability of life of bees in greenhouses It is considered that the microclimate of greenhouses has a negative effect on bees. In order to weaken the influence of the greenhouse microclimate on bees, special rooms for hives were set up, and casings...
28. Expansion of nests The main task in the field of beekeeping throughout the spring period is to provide bee families with the best conditions for their fastest growing and development. In the system of measures that promote the...
29. Enemies and pests of bees Moth, or wax moth. This is the most intrusive pest of honeycombs, and sometimes the brood of bees. There are several types of moths. On our apiaries are seen two of its kind: larger and...
30. Training bees The basis for the “training” of bees is the teaching of IP Pavlov on the influence of the food stimulus on the physiological reactions of animals, that is, on the creation of a corresponding conditioned...
31. Transportation of bees for pollinating crops It has long been observed that the best yield of fruits or seeds of crops and the greatest honey harvest are when the apiary is on the area of ​​flowering crops or in the immediate...
32. Nervous system, sense organs and behavior of bees Every living organism exists in changing environmental conditions and is able to adapt to these conditions. The existence of an organism without its interaction with the external environment is impossible. A living organism is capable...
33. Enemies and diseases of bees The well-being of a bee family can be endangered, because it easily excites the greed of various gourmets. The bee colonies would have disappeared long ago from the face of the Earth if they had...
34. External structure of the bee’s body Outer cover. Bees, like all insects, do not have an internal bone skeleton, which in vertebrate animals represents the basis and support of the whole body. Instead of the internal skeleton, bees have a hard...
35. Replanting and replacement of queens To bee families were strong, productive and less swarmed, on advanced apiaries it is customary to change up to half of the queens annually. They change not only the old queens, but also the queens...
36. Digestion of pollen by bees Bees feed on pollen unevenly throughout life. In the early days. after leaving the cell, the bee eats a lot, which causes the midgut to increase greatly: the intestine volume from 6.7 mm3 increases to...
37. Treatment with oxalic acid Reports on the use of oxalic acid vapors in varroatosis caused the response of beekeepers. They offer their devices and devices as evaporators. Many proposals deserve attention, and some are not without serious shortcomings. The...
38. Beekeeping stock Fig. Equipment for the care of bees: 1 – facial mesh; 2 – smoke apiary DP; 3 – therapeutic smoke DPL; 4 – chisel of the apiary SPM; 5 – working box-stool; 6 – box...
39. The philanthropist or the bee-wolf The philanthos triangu-lum F. is a strong and very mobile single earth wasp that, in the adult insect stage, is nourished by the flower nectar or the goiter of the bee-gatherers, and in the larval...
40. Wintering of bees in the greenhouse Cleaning bees in the winter hut. Wintering bees is the most important period in the life of bees. From its outcome depends the state of the apiary and the further ability of the bees to...