Warming and re-heating of the socket
Often, to insulate the nest of bees that winter in the wild, fit on the basis of the prevailing assertion that the club does not heat the space inside the hive. In this case, a hive with an open flare is compared to a hood that has been opened wide, which can not be heated. Hence it is concluded that there is no sense and try to insulate the nests.
Like any heated body in a closed volume, the club can not help but give off heat to this volume, and the value of the steady temperature is determined by its size and insulating qualities of the fence. On the changes in the temperature of a large volume, the club, because of its low power, only affects theoretically. But in a reduced nest, insulated from above, from the sides and below, even in frosts, the bees are able to maintain a positive temperature.
It is the temperature difference between the nest and the street that is the reason for the occurrence in the hive of ventilation streams that exude excessive moisture. The heat of the club is one of the factors of the formation of air cavities around the hive covered with snow, that is, under its influence there is not only an intraway but also a space adjacent to the hive.
If the heat released by the club did not affect the temperature of the nest, wintering for bees would be an insurmountable test. Ventilation would be absent, and the water vapor from the club condense in the immediate vicinity of it. Bashkirian bortnikov has the expression “ice presses bees”, which characterizes the situation when a late and not strong swarm settles in the hollow. A small club can not influence the temperature of a spacious nest in a hollow, and the bees are surrounded by icing. Similar conditions can also occur in the too wide nest of the hive.
From what has been said, it follows that when wintering at will, the insulation of the shrunken nest should be thorough. It not only reduces
The requirement of reliable warming of the nest in wintering, however, causes beekeepers the fear of overheating it. But this is possible only if the insulation completely eliminates heat loss, and the bee family generates heat regardless of external conditions. In practice, neither happens the one nor the other. The mechanism of heat exchange of the club with the external environment is very finely tuned, and the bees emit heat exactly as much as is necessary to compensate for heat loss.
Therefore, it is impossible to re-heat the nest in the winter. And all the troubles, the cause of which is seen in this, actually come from insufficient ventilation or even its absence.
On the other hand, excessive ventilation can make any insulation useless. Hence the conclusion suggests: in wintering it is necessary to combine reliable insulation with optimal ventilation. The higher the temperature around the hive, the larger the ventilation holes should be.
Failures with hibernation in a re-heated hive, when dampness and mold accumulate in the nest, lead to attempts to “undress” the nest. The main argument in this case is the reference to the fact that air is the best insulation. Air does have a low thermal conductivity, but it still has the property of moving with temperature changes and therefore fulfilling the role of a heat carrier.
In beehives with an enlarged podramochnym space, air mobility leads to an increase in convective heat losses by the club due to an increase in the total mass of air participating in the intra-circular circulation. A heat shield placed under the nest significantly reduces these losses, while at the same time keeping an air cushion freeing the nest from dampness.
The mobility of air reduces also the warming effect of the snow shirt when it forms voids around the hive that communicate with the surrounding space. By overlapping the walls of the hives with lapnik, small branches, straw, etc., before filling the hive with snow, it is possible to avoid the formation of voids and obstruct the movement of air.
Air acts as a heater only when it is devoid of mobility, that is, when using loose, porous materials. It is these materials that are widely used to insulate the nest and hives. The warming material in the hive must have minimal hygroscopicity, sufficient air permeability and low thermal conductivity. These requirements are largely met by pillows with foam plastic chips.
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