Type of hive for an apiary wintering at will
It is believed that in our zone it is advantageous to place stationary apiaries in groups of 30-35 hives. Point from the point should be located no closer than 4 5 km. Over many years of work with bees, he tested all the main types of hives and stopped on double-walled 12 and 14-frame hives with two store extensions (nest frame size 435X300 mm).
During the bribe, depending on its strength, bees in these hives rationally regulate the oviposition of the queens, compactly place honey, pergue and even with a weak bribe in them you can get a store extension of marketable honey. With honey shops, one weighs not more than 20 kg, and one beekeeper can work.
With the maintenance of strong families in 12- and 14-frame hives, there is no need, after removing the stores, to carry out such laborious work as cutting and warming the nests. All the nesting frames do not stay in the hive for winter, and with them all the pearls stored by the bees in the summer.
Honey combs for pumping to the central estate are brought directly into the removed extensions. Hundreds of them do not break during pumping. In winter they are stored in stores, stacked on top of each other.
On stationary apiaries when wintering at will, bees are better kept in hives with a boarded or, more likely, plywood casing, permanently nailed to it. The internal nesting hull of this hive can be any single-walled beehive or hull, specially made of a 25-millimeter pile board, to which the bottom, made of 40-millimeter boards, is nailed. In the front wall of the hive, at the level of the bottom, a lower lettuce with a width of 10 mm in the entire body is made.
The top (10X100 mm) is cut into 25 cm from the bottom. In the rear wall, at the bottom level, there is a 3-cm wide opening in the whole case, which in summer serves to set up an antivariate-sieve net tray, and in the winter – a plate intended for monitoring the
The nest housing outside the lower perimeter of the bottom, as well as at the corners, is covered with blocks (4X4 cm), to which sheets of plywood 6 mm thick are cut with notches for holes and a hole for the pallet. Sheets of plywood are raised above the nest housing by 22 cm. At the same time, air space forms between the plywood and the wall of the housing case. This space is not filled with any thermal insulation material. From the top in it on the level of the nested case are inserted removable rack inserts (4X2 cm).
Outside the plywood casing, at 2 cm from the top edge, on all four sides, the slats (1.5X6 cm) are nailed, which serve as a stop for the roof. Planks, nailed to the side walls, protrude from the back of the hive for 12 cm and serve as a support for the roof when it is open. At the corners of the casing are packed wooden corners, which protect the ends of the plywood from getting wet.
The roof of the hive is one-legged with a harness. Front; and its back walls are made of 20 mm boards, and the side walls are made of 10 mm plywood. The height of the front board is 15 cm, the back is 12 cm. The side walls of the strap do not reach the roof; by 2.5 cm. These holes are covered with a frequent metal mesh, they serve for increased vetilation of the over-frame space.
The roof of the hive with a spindle of 5 cm is made of 6 mm plywood. The roof is fastened with hinges to the upper rear strap of the casing.
Thus, between the nest housing and the hive roof, there is a permanent over-frame space 32 cm high, which includes two magazine extensions for ten half-frames each 14.5 cm high. The extension has internal dimensions; 38X45X15.5 cm. The front and back walls are made of 20 mm boards, and the side panels are made of 10 mm plywood.
Stores are very light and comfortable.
In addition to the usual parts, the hive set includes a wire dividing grid from the 10-frame hive, a nucleus for three magazine frames, which can be placed above the nest housing, on the side of the magazine extensions. The front and back walls of the nucleus are made of a 20-mm board, and the side walls are made of 4-millimeter plywood. He closes it plywood roof vnolobuchku. The bottom of the nucleus is detachable, made of a double frequent grid, the distance between which is 10 mm.
Ten-frame magazine extensions do not set above the center of the socket of the 14-frame hive, but shift to the right. On the left, on the side with which the beekeeper is examining the family, four nesting honeycombs remain uncovered. This allows the use of a building frame and the nucleus to be placed on the vacated space.
The flying board (15 cm) is made in full width of the hive. A veranda is attached to it, to which the pollen collector is suspended in the spring and summer. In winter, a gate is inserted in this veranda, which protects the lower tray from wind and mice.
The verandochka with the landing board on the hinges is attached to the upper post. This flying board is bent upward for the winter and covers the upper tray under an incline. Outside, the casing is painted with oil paint.
All these details allow you to quickly perform the necessary operations with minimal time and labor, eliminating the shortcomings of single-wall hives. The plywood hood cover reliably protects the nest housing from winds and sudden fluctuations in air temperature at any time of the year. Air cushion, overlapped on top of the liner, in the spring and autumn quickly warms up and transfers heat to the hive. At night cooling and frost, cooling of this space and the walls of the nest housing is slow and does not have a negative effect on the family. No other temporary warming of the hives outside is required.
In autumn, it reliably protects the nest housing from moisture. In this case, the body itself, which is not painted with paint, freely passes the vapors that enter the air space between the hull and the plywood, rise upwards under the roof (for the winter the lath liners are turned over to the rib, forming a passage for air and vapors) and through the ventilation openings of the roof volatilize.
In this hive, it is very convenient to insulate the nest from above and around the edges, since the cushions are made of a larger size than the nest housing. The plywood casing forms a large over-frame space for the winter and provides for its enhanced ventilation.
At the beginning of summer, with the onset of steady heat, the lath pads under the air space are turned to the rib. From the scorching sun plywood and partially air space are heated. However, warm air, having a free outlet into the above-frame space, immediately rises to the roof and is vented through the ventilation openings. Thus, the housing is not heated by the sun.
In these hives, it is very easy to isolate bees during the treatment of crops with pesticides. To do this, early in the morning all the tapes are closed, the canvas is removed from the nests, a feeder with water is put on the frame and the roof is closed. Bees from the nest are raised in the above-frame space and there are until the end of isolation. The increased ventilation allows the socket to be cooled, since the mesh liner inserted into the opening from the bottom of the hive provides flow ventilation from the bottom to the roof.
This is only one of the lessons. In fact, he developed his own technology for care of bees. Its main distinctive feature is the deep connection of the natural and climatic and honey-bearing conditions of our zone with the biology of the bee family. Many beginner beekeepers make a mistake. They begin to study beekeeping not from biology, but from issues of feeding, keeping and breeding bees, or they immediately try to master techniques that increase labor productivity, believing that this is the secret of success.
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