Hornet
Hornets are the largest wasps living in families. The common horn is 26-30 mm long, the head and the front half of the breast are yellow. The first two rings have a dark brown color and yellow strips, and the rest are yellow with brown spots.
Hornets live in families that form overwintered fetuses. Each womb creates a nest in the hollows of trees in the spring, in trees, in fences, under the roofs of buildings, in the ground, etc. Among the first spring generations there are working hornets, and by autumn – males and females. Hornets make honeycombs horizontal, one-sided, with cells down, in several tiers.
The building material for the honeycombs and walls of the nest is paper made from chewed wood with saliva.
The uterus of the hornet puts eggs in honeycomb cells. After 5 days, larvae emerge from them. Larvae are carnivorous. They are fed by a masticated mass of captured bees, bumblebees and other insects. The development of the larva lasts 9 days, after which they themselves spoon a cocoon, which serves as a lid in the pupal stage. The pupa stage lasts 14 days. The largest number of hornets is observed in August and September.
The hornet catches the bees at the tap. Especially dangerous for bees is a large hornet. Nosenko (1948) described four methods of catching hornets of bees.
The first method is a swift raid of the hornet from the air to the mass of bees flying near the tap hole or drinking bowls, and grasping one of them with a further continuation of the summer. In such cases, the kidnapping of a bee occurs unnoticed by other bees.
The second is an attack on bees with a wait, when the hornet, sitting down on the ice, waits for one of the guard bees to approach him, seizes it and quickly flies away. In such cases, sometimes other bees catch up with him and come into conflict with him, sometimes squeeze him.
The third is the attack on the bees
The fourth is to look out for the bee from the ambush under the hive and wait there until the bee that it seizes.
Hornets are usually used first. If he does not give results, then the second and then the subsequent techniques.
The frustrations of hornets are more sensitive than bees. They are treated with oiling honey, potassium permanganate, ammonia, applying onion, garlic to the place of stinging. From a few stings comes immunity.
Control measures. The struggle with hornets is to destroy them in the spring, when single females fly to the apiary.
A good way to destroy hornets is to arrange traps – light wide-mouth bottles with water sweetened with honey.
A very effective method of combating hornets is to seek out their nests and light gray in the evening, when all the hornets will gather in the nest. Adult hornets on apiaries are destroyed by decomposition of poisoned baits. Lures are prepared from raw or boiled minced meat (finely chopped). This stuffing is put in empty cans, clay dishes, pots or wide-necked jars and placed in an apiary in closed boxes with holes that can be penetrated by hornets, or into empty beehives with open flasks in such a way that they do not eat this bait of the hen, the dog, cats.
Two or three days later, once the hornets have been massed for meat minced meat, arsenic sodium is added to it, Parisian greens, which will cause massive hurricane poisoning. For 1 kg of forcemeat enough to put 1 g of Parisian greens. Paris greens refers to potent poisons, and therefore particularly stringent precautions are required when handling it. Empty hives and utensils in which lures were laid should be washed thoroughly after use with hot water and liquor. It is also recommended to destroy hornets by blowing hexachlorane dust into their nests.
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