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1. Reproduction of bee colonies Natural swarming of bees. In natural conditions, the increase in the number of families occurs by digestion. Swarming is a manifestation of the instinct of reproduction of a bee family. The swarming is as follows....
2. Hibernation of bees Properly organized bee hibernation is one of the most important tasks in beekeeping. A good winter is considered to be a wintering, in which not only there is no escape of bee colonies or corn...
3. Hive Currently, almost all bee colonies of Ukrainian apiaries are kept in so-called frame hives. In these hives each honeycomb is enclosed in a rectangular wooden frame, which can be freely removed and inserted back into...
4. Diseases of adult bees The most common diseases of adult bees are caused by parasites; most pathogens of these diseases have microscopic dimensions (for example, the causative agent of nosematosis), but there are also visible by a simple eye...
5. Transportation of bees The work begins with the development of a calendar plan for the use of bees for pollination of crops. Then they get acquainted with the basic methods of using bees on pollination of plants, taking...
6. How do bees talk to each other? The previous chapters talked about training, which allows you to get some data about the feelings of bees. The prerequisite for such experiments is that the bees we want to train come to our experimental...
7. Feeding base of beekeeping and measures to expand and improve it For successful development and high productivity of beekeeping, as well as any branch of animal husbandry, a powerful and stable fodder base is necessary. The feeding base of beekeeping is honey plants of field crop...
8. The meaning of color and smell for bees To what extent, with the correct choice of color, the bees use this identification sign of their hive for orientation, can be solved not by reasoning, but only by experiments. Fig. 63. Use of bee...
9. Type of hive for an apiary wintering at will It is believed that in our zone it is advantageous to place stationary apiaries in groups of 30-35 hives. Point from the point should be located no closer than 4 5 km. Over many years...
10. Meleoz bees Meleosis is an invasive disease caused by the parasitization of the larvae of Meloe beetles on the body of bees. The disease is usually short-lived, manifested by the excitement, anxiety of the bees and the...
11. Transportation of bees for pollinating crops It has long been observed that the best yield of fruits or seeds of crops and the greatest honey harvest are when the apiary is on the area of ​​flowering crops or in the immediate...
12. Bee venom in homeopathy Its healing properties are devoted to many enthusiastic lines in all homeopathic manuals and journal articles, it is recommended for the treatment of a wide variety of diseases. Bee venom is one of the few...
13. The content of bees in hives-loungers Only strong bee colonies are biologically full and most productive in honey and wax. They are always ready to use any, even short-term bribes. Therefore, the methods of taking care of bees and their contents...
14. Getting new families and forming cores with spare uteras The most common way to get new families is usually to build offsets. In this case, the family is formed by selecting from the one or more families 3 … 4 frames with young bees...
15. Winterers In order for families to leave the hibernation without a retreat and without significant debris of bees, healthy and with a dry, non-moldy nest, a good, modern winter queen is needed, in which it is...
16. Work on an apiary at the end of a bribe and making nests for a winter Before the end of the honey collection, it is necessary to immediately begin to organize the hives and prevent the theft of bees, which can occur when the bribe breaks. Measures against the attack of...
17. Keeping the bees in working order In the bee families exhibited in January in the hothouse, a lot of broods appear in a week. To grow it you need honey, perga and water. In search of food, bees come into active...
18. Heavenly and earthly bee guides Since bees are guided not only by the sun and the polarized light depending on it, coming from the sky, but also by terrestrial signposts, I would like to know which of these two means...
19. Wintering of bees in the greenhouse Cleaning bees in the winter hut. Wintering bees is the most important period in the life of bees. From its outcome depends the state of the apiary and the further ability of the bees to...
20. Care of bees in greenhouses Bees, depending on their breed, when examining the nest react differently. Southern bees are very peaceful. Nests can be examined without a facial mesh, and sometimes even without smoke. Central Russian bees are covetous, and...
21. The first spring works in the apiary Tasks of the spring care for bees. The life of all plants and animals is inseparably linked with the conditions of the external environment in which they live. The life and development of bee colonies...
22. Smoke makes the bees obedient There is one, perhaps, the most powerful means of pacifying bees – smoke. If you enter it into the hive, then in a moment the family comes into a strong excitement. Bees, feeling danger, greedily...
23. Swarming of the bees in the apiary After the change of overwintered bees to young, the number of births increases rapidly. In the bee family, which reached 7-9 frames of brood, the mass of bees increases every day. Even the maximum egg...
24. The device of hives and their classification Requirements for the hives. The beehive is the home of bees, an artificially created man, so it must most fully satisfy the biological characteristics of the bee family and at the same time be strong...
25. Diseases of the brood The foulbrood. The term “foulbrood” refers to the infectious diseases of the brood of the bee family, accompanied by rotting in different stages of development. Diseases of all three bee colonies are affected, and the...
26. Life of a bee family In order to properly and effectively manage the life and activities of bee colonies in order to increase their productivity and maximize the use of bees for pollinating many crops, the beekeeper must know not...
27. Device of the hive for the pavilion It is now generally accepted that the vertical arrangement of the hives is more in keeping with the natural habitat of the bees – the hollow. The desire of bees to develop a nest in...
28. Fighting the attack of bees Since the exhibition of bees from the winter hut and throughout the beekeeping season, it is necessary to make apiary work so as not to cause the theft of bees and especially to prevent the...
29. Settled in a swarm of swarms To catch a swarm is half the battle. Where it is more difficult to remove it neatly and deliver it to the apiary. About how to remove a trap from the tree (this is a...
30. Sense of smell and taste in bees A person likes to talk about his “five senses,” although science has long established that, in addition to a sense of sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch, there are also some other feelings that correspond...
31. Cleaning of nests and disinfection of hives When cleaning the hive, brown spots are especially carefully scraped – traces of diarrhea during wintering. These spots can serve as a source of spores of a dangerous disease of adult bees – nosematosis. Carefully...
32. Enemies and pests of bees Moth, or wax moth. This is the most intrusive pest of honeycombs, and sometimes the brood of bees. There are several types of moths. On our apiaries are seen two of its kind: larger and...
33. Alpine hive -the most highly productive -The most economical -the most convenient in operation General characteristics of the hive “Alpine” is a multi-hull hive, in contrast to similar traditional structures, it has one tap, no separation grid...
34. Celestial compass of bees The Vikings had no idea of ​​the compass. In distant wanderings across the ocean, they were guided by the sun, moon and stars. With the orientation you can use the heavenly bodies in two ways,...
35. Protection of bees from poisoning To obtain sustainable high yields of hothouse crops, pest and plant diseases are controlled using pesticides. Pesticides used in greenhouses are classified by action: – on contact – cause the death of insects when they...
36. Durability of life of bees in greenhouses It is considered that the microclimate of greenhouses has a negative effect on bees. In order to weaken the influence of the greenhouse microclimate on bees, special rooms for hives were set up, and casings...
37. Beehive in greenhouses Not so long ago, hives of various designs were used in our country. Each experienced beekeeper considered it necessary to invent his hive design, often without taking into account the biological and physiological needs of...
38. Use of a bribe About the main bribe. The time when the largest number of honey-plants blooming, giving bees abundant prey to nectar, is called the main bribe. The duration and abundance of the bribe depends on many factors:...
39. Hibernation of bees in the pavilion The work is carried out when frosty weather sets in – November – early December. External tapholes are filled with a heater and tightly closed by gate valves, and internal ventilation openings are opened in...
40. Theft and attack of bees In a time-free period, especially with a sudden cessation of honey collection, old bees, worried about the need to replenish fodder reserves, wind around the storehouse where they store food for them, and at the...