Biology of the bee family

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1. Reproduction of bee colonies Natural swarming of bees. In natural conditions, the increase in the number of families occurs by digestion. Swarming is a manifestation of the instinct of reproduction of a bee family. The swarming is as follows....
2. Diseases of adult bees The most common diseases of adult bees are caused by parasites; most pathogens of these diseases have microscopic dimensions (for example, the causative agent of nosematosis), but there are also visible by a simple eye...
3. Hibernation of bees Properly organized bee hibernation is one of the most important tasks in beekeeping. A good winter is considered to be a wintering, in which not only there is no escape of bee colonies or corn...
4. Diseases of the brood The foulbrood. The term “foulbrood” refers to the infectious diseases of the brood of the bee family, accompanied by rotting in different stages of development. Diseases of all three bee colonies are affected, and the...
5. Keeping the bees in working order In the bee families exhibited in January in the hothouse, a lot of broods appear in a week. To grow it you need honey, perga and water. In search of food, bees come into active...
6. Work on an apiary at the end of a bribe and making nests for a winter Before the end of the honey collection, it is necessary to immediately begin to organize the hives and prevent the theft of bees, which can occur when the bribe breaks. Measures against the attack of...
7. How do bees talk to each other? The previous chapters talked about training, which allows you to get some data about the feelings of bees. The prerequisite for such experiments is that the bees we want to train come to our experimental...
8. Internal structure of the bee’s body Muscles. The bee can produce a variety of movements: crawl, fly, bend the abdomen and sting, clean the antennae, perform various kinds of work – collect nectar and pollen, build honeycombs, etc. In addition, the...
9. Feeding base of beekeeping and measures to expand and improve it For successful development and high productivity of beekeeping, as well as any branch of animal husbandry, a powerful and stable fodder base is necessary. The feeding base of beekeeping is honey plants of field crop...
10. Life of a bee family In order to properly and effectively manage the life and activities of bee colonies in order to increase their productivity and maximize the use of bees for pollinating many crops, the beekeeper must know not...
11. Nervous system, sense organs and behavior of bees Every living organism exists in changing environmental conditions and is able to adapt to these conditions. The existence of an organism without its interaction with the external environment is impossible. A living organism is capable...
12. Protection of bees from poisoning To obtain sustainable high yields of hothouse crops, pest and plant diseases are controlled using pesticides. Pesticides used in greenhouses are classified by action: – on contact – cause the death of insects when they...
13. Wax Economic importance of wax The value of beeswax for the national economy is extremely large. Thanks to a number of valuable properties, beeswax is the most important raw material for the socialist industry, and is...
14. Species and breeds of bees Biological science, creatively developed by scientists, teaches that the entire animal and plant world, all living nature consists of separate groups of animals and plants, called species. There are many similarities between close species, which...
15. Paralysis of bees Paralysis is an infectious disease of bee colonies, which causes the mass death of adult bees. The causative agent is a filtering virus that penetrates the filters of Seitz, Berkenfeld and Pasteur-Schamberlan. The persistence of...
16. The eyes of the bees and their ability to see If the reader ever had breakfast at a village in the air, there is honey, then probably the bees attracted by the honey smell were also on the table. In this case, you can always...
17. Sense of smell and taste in bees A person likes to talk about his “five senses,” although science has long established that, in addition to a sense of sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch, there are also some other feelings that correspond...
18. Transportation of bees The work begins with the development of a calendar plan for the use of bees for pollination of crops. Then they get acquainted with the basic methods of using bees on pollination of plants, taking...
19. External structure of the bee’s body Outer cover. Bees, like all insects, do not have an internal bone skeleton, which in vertebrate animals represents the basis and support of the whole body. Instead of the internal skeleton, bees have a hard...
20. Special feeding of queen bees In the spring-summer period, supplementary fertilizers are used to replace natural maintenance honey, or to cause increased activity of bees, or to give bees medicinal substances. Addition of bees during the withdrawal of queens. It...
21. The content of bees in hives-loungers Only strong bee colonies are biologically full and most productive in honey and wax. They are always ready to use any, even short-term bribes. Therefore, the methods of taking care of bees and their contents...
22. Digestion of pollen by bees Bees feed on pollen unevenly throughout life. In the early days. after leaving the cell, the bee eats a lot, which causes the midgut to increase greatly: the intestine volume from 6.7 mm3 increases to...
23. Cleaning of nests and disinfection of hives When cleaning the hive, brown spots are especially carefully scraped – traces of diarrhea during wintering. These spots can serve as a source of spores of a dangerous disease of adult bees – nosematosis. Carefully...
24. Swarming of the bees in the apiary After the change of overwintered bees to young, the number of births increases rapidly. In the bee family, which reached 7-9 frames of brood, the mass of bees increases every day. Even the maximum egg...
25. Getting new families and forming cores with spare uteras The most common way to get new families is usually to build offsets. In this case, the family is formed by selecting from the one or more families 3 … 4 frames with young bees...
26. Distribution of work in the bee hive We have already said that in the bee family there is a distribution of work. Some care for cleanliness, others look after the brood, build honeycombs or get food. Some researchers try to draw an...
27. Enemies and diseases of bees The well-being of a bee family can be endangered, because it easily excites the greed of various gourmets. The bee colonies would have disappeared long ago from the face of the Earth if they had...
28. Bee baby The young, just hatched chicken – the creature is in many respects underdeveloped, but in general it is very similar to the parents. He, like them, already has wings, legs and eyes. And out of...
29. Methods of increasing the amount of wax from bee colonies In the system of measures to increase the waxy products of the apiary, timely nest change is very important. This method is widely used by many beekeepers. However, the timely replacement of nests, being the...
30. Reproduction and development of bees Growth and development of the bee family under favorable conditions of the environment (plenty of food, proper temperature, etc.) is provided by all three forms of individuals: the uterus, working bees and drones, but their...
31. Artificial formation of new bee colonies In order not to allow a large number of bees not to work in the bee colony, and to maintain a high working mood, distracting bees from swarming, from strong, healthy bee colonies, reaching 7-9...
32. Change of two-year-old queens The work is carried out on June 5-8, during the flowering period of gardens and yellow acadia, in order to eliminate swarming and the simultaneous replacement of two-year-old queens in half of the families. In...
33. Soy flour replaces penguin For a long time already beekeepers noticed that in the absence of pollen in nature, bees willingly collect and carry flour in beehives (in the form of patches), visiting mills, barns, warehouses and other premises....
34. Collection of nectar and pollen Bees collect nectar and flower pollen from the flowers of plants. Nectar is distinguished by special glands of plants – nectaries. After processing with a bee, it becomes honey. Bees can collect other sweet substances....
35. Memory for the time of bees Each of us from our own experience knows what a sense of time. It can be relied on to a greater or lesser extent, but there is no person for whom it is completely absent....
36. Feeding of a bee family Among animals, as well as among people, there are sophisticated gourmands. But people have ample opportunities to satisfy their whims, whereas in animals nature has more strictly defined to each species what it can eat...
37. Need of a bee family in the stern When organizing a beekeeping farm, it is necessary to be able to calculate how many bee colonies can be kept under given specific conditions or what honeybase should be created for the required number of...
38. Use of a bribe About the main bribe. The time when the largest number of honey-plants blooming, giving bees abundant prey to nectar, is called the main bribe. The duration and abundance of the bribe depends on many factors:...
39. Exhibition of bees in the spring from the winter hut The time of the spring exhibition of bees at will depends on their behavior and weather. In greenhouses, reserve bee colonies usually have extremely small stocks of Perga or do not have them at all....
40. Pademic toxicosis of bees Pademic toxicosis is an infectious disease that occurs as a result of intoxication of bees and larvae by a pad. Causes of the disease. Bees and their larvae perish under the influence of poisoning with...