Artificial formation of new bee colonies
In order not to allow a large number of bees not to work in the bee colony, and to maintain a high working mood, distracting bees from swarming, from strong, healthy bee colonies, reaching 7-9 frames of brood, a mature printed brood with bees (or without bees) in so much (2-3 frames), so as not to weaken them.
They organize new families with the expectation that by autumn they will develop to the power of the basic bee colonies and provide themselves with fodder.
Layers are planted by fetuses or infertile uteri or they are provided with mature queen cells. Fetal queens are discharged from southern apiaries, but first of all they use spare queen nucleus families. To this end, reserve queens with bees from the hive, divided into several isolated departments, are transplanted into a standard standard beehive, insulated and periodically reinforced by a mature printing brood. This creates favorable conditions for intensive egg laying. Nucleus quickly turns into an early batch and soon reaches the strength of the bee family, from which, in turn, it will be possible to take brood and bees to form new families.
The strength of the newly organized families depends on the toga, whether the lining gives a fetal uterus, barren or mother fruit. The strongest will be the layers to which the uterus is given given the rapid growth of the family.
In the layers, which are given a barren uterus or a uterus, the bees will not be loaded with work to grow the brood, they are passive in the construction of honeycombs. Their return will be greater in the main families, so the layers make less force, down to the nucleuses, but such force that the bees can maintain the necessary regime in the center of the nest. As soon as the uterus starts laying eggs, the cuttings or cores are strengthened with a printed brood.
For the formation of layers and cores in the middle of a warm, sunny, warm day,
Such layers, formed from several families, are called prefabricated. They are rapidly developing and within a month will occupy a full nest and can serve as donors for the reinforcement of cores. Layering, which will be given to barren uterus or mature queen cells, creates from one family within 2-3 frames of the brood with the bees that are crouching. Just like the pre-fabricated layers, at the edges of the nest are put honey-pergovye frames.
In families, which give queen cells, in order not to cool them, it is desirable to create a more favorable nest mode. To this end, in the created snorkel or nucleus, the flock is closed, preventing older bees from gathering. The next day, the opening is opened and a plate or branches of trees are leaning against it.
It is known that bees take queen cells rather than queens. At the same time, one must remember that it is impossible to take unripe queen cells from other apiaries because the larvae that have not finished the cocoon spinning are very sensitive to concussions and die.
It is not always possible to form a nucleus or a brood only on a printed brood, which is good and bad. It is good that the open brood retains a certain number of young, already fledged bees, but it is bad because the bees will store fistular queen cells, and if they are not removed, then despite a very small force, the swarm may depart. To prevent swarming, the nucleus is inspected by the end of the day, when the uterus ceases to orientate and mating flights and the beekeeper does not prevent them from orienting.
With the withdrawal of fistula queen cells, it is determined whether the uterus has left the queen cell. If more than 13 days have elapsed since the placement of larvae for uterine upbringing, the mother liquor is torn off and the cause of the absence of the uterus is established. Sometimes the uterus does not fully gnaw the cap of the mother liquor, and after its release, the cap again “closes”, and it seems that the uterus has not yet come out.
Sometimes, when the uterus is inserted into the hive or when the nest is examined, the uterus flies out. At this time, you can not change the memorized uterine landmarks. You need to wait a little while closing the nest and remove the smoke. The uterus will return soon, and after that you can finish the job.
Having convinced of the presence of the uterus, there is no need to disturb the bees before laying eggs. The appearance of the brood in the nest can be determined by the bees arriving in the beehive with large lumps of renewal. From this time, the nucleuses are reinforced with a printed brood and the nests are expanded with a wax or a dry cloth. Thus, the nucleus is brought to the strength of the layers, and then of the families.
If the uterus, which began to lay eggs in the nucleus, is intended to be planted in a greenhouse family, it should be retained in the nucleus until a printed brood appears. Making sure of the quality of the uterus, it is taken alone or with a frame and bees. If it is necessary to continue to obtain fetal queens, a frame with brood without bees is placed in the nucleus, and the next day they are given a printed motherhood.
Division of families in half. The division of the families in half, into “half-years”, is used on reserve apiaries to prevent swarming and to receive timely growth from rapidly developing families. Compared with other ways of organizing families, the division into “half-years” has a great advantage in that in separated families the correct ratio of flight and non-flying bees remains and the internal life of families is not violated.
When dividing the family in half 0,5 m from it, put an empty hive at the same height and the same color. Then all honeycombs with brood, honey and bees are divided into 2 parts. In this case, specifically to look for the uterus should not be. If it is found, then the number of the shared family is reserved for this half, and the other half is assigned a new one. If the uterus is not noticed, then after about 1 hour in a bezmatovochnoy family the bees begin to crawl along the landing board and the front wall of the hive, fly around the hive, looking for the uterus.
The divided family is moved from the previous place in the opposite direction also by 0.5 m. Arriving bees, not finding the place of their hive, will fly apart equally in nearby standing. If the second beehive will have a different coloring, bees will fly into it less. To equalize the number of flying bees, the hive, in which the bee flies less, is moved closer to the previous place of the divided family. This is done when the fetal uterus is placed in the organized family. If a barren uterus or a uterus are planted, a smaller number of brood and bees are substituted for the snatch, and the hive is moved a little further.
When replacing the queens in the brood, one should keep in mind that there are bees of all ages in a bezmatelic family, and as is known, flying bees are hostile to foreign queens, especially other breeds, so it is necessary to take appropriate measures.
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