How to draw a horizontal line without the level

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1. Reproduction of bee colonies Natural swarming of bees. In natural conditions, the increase in the number of families occurs by digestion. Swarming is a manifestation of the instinct of reproduction of a bee family. The swarming is as follows....
2. Wax Economic importance of wax The value of beeswax for the national economy is extremely large. Thanks to a number of valuable properties, beeswax is the most important raw material for the socialist industry, and is...
3. Diseases of adult bees The most common diseases of adult bees are caused by parasites; most pathogens of these diseases have microscopic dimensions (for example, the causative agent of nosematosis), but there are also visible by a simple eye...
4. Determination of the content of honey pads Equipment and utensils: marching laboratories for determination of admixture of honey paddies, pad determinant, salt cellars with lids, glass sticks (sharpened at one end), chemical test tubes, 10 ml graduated, muffle furnace, desiccator, analytical balance....
5. Hibernation of bees Properly organized bee hibernation is one of the most important tasks in beekeeping. A good winter is considered to be a wintering, in which not only there is no escape of bee colonies or corn...
6. How do bees talk to each other? The previous chapters talked about training, which allows you to get some data about the feelings of bees. The prerequisite for such experiments is that the bees we want to train come to our experimental...
7. The eyes of the bees and their ability to see If the reader ever had breakfast at a village in the air, there is honey, then probably the bees attracted by the honey smell were also on the table. In this case, you can always...
8. Work on an apiary at the end of a bribe and making nests for a winter Before the end of the honey collection, it is necessary to immediately begin to organize the hives and prevent the theft of bees, which can occur when the bribe breaks. Measures against the attack of...
9. Universal apiary device During the active bee season at different times bees are given feeding, water, pollen, nucleuses are formed, the swarm is caught, varroa mites are killed, etc. For each operation, a separate device is usually used....
10. Internal structure of the bee’s body Muscles. The bee can produce a variety of movements: crawl, fly, bend the abdomen and sting, clean the antennae, perform various kinds of work – collect nectar and pollen, build honeycombs, etc. In addition, the...
11. Determination of the suitability of honeydew honey for the wintering of bees Determine the suitability of honey for the wintering of bees can be one of the following ways. Lime reaction. First prepare the lime water. To do this, the glass jar is half filled with ordinary...
12. Root storage The room for storage of root crops should be dry. In a wet cellar for a long time you will not save any potatoes, carrots or beetroot, a day or two later you will have...
13. Wind turbine in-house Fig. 1. Two-bladed wind power unit: 1 – windmill; 2 – reducer; 3 – generator; 4 – support; 5 – tail; 6 – post; 7 – extensions; 8 – the lever. Correctly made windy unit...
14. Dressing hides Of course, at home it is difficult to have excellent results when dressing heavy (7-20 kg) skins taken from a cow or a bull, an elk or a wild boar. Therefore, we will confine ourselves...
15. Main properties of honey The color of honey depends to the greatest extent on what plants honey comes from. Thus, honey from white acacia, linden, sweet clover, alfalfa and clover is light in color, from almost white to pale...
16. Providing bees with water Bees eat liquid food, and the water available in honey completely satisfies their need, until they perform no work (in autumn, in winter). However, during the growing of larvae, the need for water increases. If...
17. Beekeeping stock Fig. Equipment for the care of bees: 1 – facial mesh; 2 – smoke apiary DP; 3 – therapeutic smoke DPL; 4 – chisel of the apiary SPM; 5 – working box-stool; 6 – box...
18. Kvass honey 100 g of honey, 1 lemon, 1 l of water, a siphon of soda water. Honey to dissolve warm boiled water, to cool, add juice from one lemon and again to cool. Pour half of...
19. Protection of bees from poisoning To obtain sustainable high yields of hothouse crops, pest and plant diseases are controlled using pesticides. Pesticides used in greenhouses are classified by action: – on contact – cause the death of insects when they...
20. ¿Cómo hablan las abejas entre sí? Los capítulos anteriores hablaban de capacitación, que le permite obtener algunos datos sobre los sentimientos de las abejas. El requisito previo para tales experimentos es que las abejas que queremos entrenar vengan a nuestra mesa...
21. How to make a thermostat for heating beehives When organizing the wintering of bees in the wild or in an unheated room, to create optimal conditions, beehive families sometimes use the electrical heating of the nest. At the same time, the power of...
22. Reduction of labor costs for feeding bees Many beekeepers of large industrial farms, realizing the inevitability and high efficiency of fertilizing, are seeking ways to reduce labor on distribution of food to bees. In bee-breeding farms, it is necessary to feed the...
23. Recipes for honey treatment Honey with respiratory disease. 1. Kidneys of pine together with young shoots should be placed in a vessel to half of its capacity, pour over with water, boil on low heat for 20-25 minutes. Insist...
24. Keeping the bees in working order In the bee families exhibited in January in the hothouse, a lot of broods appear in a week. To grow it you need honey, perga and water. In search of food, bees come into active...
25. Treatment with oxalic acid Reports on the use of oxalic acid vapors in varroatosis caused the response of beekeepers. They offer their devices and devices as evaporators. Many proposals deserve attention, and some are not without serious shortcomings. The...
26. Decoctions and infusions of medicinal herbs with honey Aloe. 1. Grind 150 grams of scarlet leaves (cut edges with spines), pour 300 g of hot honey (60 њ C) and insist throughout the day. After that, heat, strain and consume 5-10 g before...
27. Celestial compass of bees The Vikings had no idea of ​​the compass. In distant wanderings across the ocean, they were guided by the sun, moon and stars. With the orientation you can use the heavenly bodies in two ways,...
28. Sense of smell and taste in bees A person likes to talk about his “five senses,” although science has long established that, in addition to a sense of sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch, there are also some other feelings that correspond...
29. How to make a universal trolley at home Fig. 1. Universal lift truck A hand pallet truck is required in each household. Some design changes allow to significantly expand the possibilities of using this vehicle. The welded frame 1 of the lift truck...
30. Methods of increasing the amount of wax from bee colonies In the system of measures to increase the waxy products of the apiary, timely nest change is very important. This method is widely used by many beekeepers. However, the timely replacement of nests, being the...
31. Bicycle and lift Bicycle carriage – lift. Often, the location of the apiary does not allow it to approach it on a truck fairly close, and it is not easy to transport multi-hull beams for a relatively large...
32. Winterers In order for families to leave the hibernation without a retreat and without significant debris of bees, healthy and with a dry, non-moldy nest, a good, modern winter queen is needed, in which it is...
33. Transportation of bees The work begins with the development of a calendar plan for the use of bees for pollination of crops. Then they get acquainted with the basic methods of using bees on pollination of plants, taking...
34. Bezotovy hive Honey bees during wintering use food that has been stored in the summer. They lost the ability to hibernate, which was with their ancestors. That is why these insects prepare a large amount of food...
35. Reproduction and development of bees Growth and development of the bee family under favorable conditions of the environment (plenty of food, proper temperature, etc.) is provided by all three forms of individuals: the uterus, working bees and drones, but their...
36. Hive Currently, almost all bee colonies of Ukrainian apiaries are kept in so-called frame hives. In these hives each honeycomb is enclosed in a rectangular wooden frame, which can be freely removed and inserted back into...
37. Perception by bees of polarized light Fig. 94. Observation beehive in an inclined position. Even with such a slight inclination bees can dance, guided by the direction of gravity. To more accurately study the behavior of bees on a horizontal dance...
38. Memory for the time of bees Each of us from our own experience knows what a sense of time. It can be relied on to a greater or lesser extent, but there is no person for whom it is completely absent....
39. A solution for dressing skins Rabbit For 3 liters of water a tablespoon of salt and detergent. For 3 liters of warm water on a tablespoon of salt, washing powder, a glass of vinegar. In both cases, soak the skins...
40. Feed for bees, cooked using sugar Bees, like many animals, are more productive when they are fully fed. The natural and best food for bees is honey. However, in greenhouses, often because of the lack of a sufficient number of honey...