Swarming of the bees in the apiary
After the change of overwintered bees to young, the number of births increases rapidly. In the bee family, which reached 7-9 frames of brood, the mass of bees increases every day.
Even the maximum egg laying by the uterus is already unable to fully load the bees by brood rearing. Usually such a moment coincides with a small intake of nectar and pollen into the hive. Due to the inactive state of young bees, an excess of nutrients accumulates in their bodies. On the other hand, the small size of the hive, inadequate ventilation and other external factors motivate the bees to transition to a non-working, swarming state. Bees become less active every day, and the uterus greatly reduces egg laying. Finally, there is a swarming – the natural division of the bee family into 2 parts. Swarming of bees distracts the beekeeper from carrying out regular works, it requires labor costs, especially in greenhouses. If the bee colonies are scattered among the greenhouses, observations of the swarms are impossible, and some of them fly away.
In some cases, swarming in apiaries is permissible. In our practice, we encourage early swarming. To do this, we expose non-milky breeding bee colonies from the greenhouses, we strengthen them with printed brood, which ensures the early swarming of the bees, necessary for obtaining high-quality queens.
To prevent swarming in ordinary families, we take countermeasure measures, but, nevertheless, some of the bee colonies are swarming.
The first sign of a family’s swarming condition is the appearance of an egg in the uterine bowl. From this time, bees become less energetic in collecting food, do not rebuild honeycomb, and the uterus gradually reduces the laying of eggs.
The wild mood of the bees can sometimes be interrupted by the removal of bowls with eggs or with small larvae, while at the same time expanding the nest considerably, and
The inactive state of the bees can be reduced if the bees are given a mature printed motherhood. Mid-Russian bees and their hybrids are swarmed on the 2nd day after sealing the first queen cell. Roy-pervak comes out, as a rule, in the first half of a warm, sunny, windless day. After inclement weather, delaying swarming, the output of the swarm can be in the morning, afternoon or evening.
Before the swarm can come out, the bees collect honey into the zobik, about 40% of their mass, so at this time they are very peaceful. At the moment of swarming, the bees quickly fly out of the hive, spin in the air in a closed circle, producing a kind of “joyful” rumble. A little later, the queen joins the bees. Spinning around the hive, the bees sit down, graft themselves on the object or tree branch that attracted them.
To the swarm is often adjoined bees of other neighboring families, but soon they will return to their hive. Only the beehive swarms completely filling the zobik with honey can forget the previous place of their hive.
It happens that the uterus because of its severity, damaged wings, bad weather will not come out of the hive or fall into the grass and get lost. In this case, bees, flying 10-15 minutes in the air, and in some cases gathering in a bunch, return to their hive. When setting the weather, the swarm can come out the next day or later. In a family where the uterus is lost, the swarm, called in this case the “chorister” pervak, will be released on the 8th-9th day after the first unsuccessful swarming. “Singing” he is called because the young womb, which emerged from the queen’s first queen, strives to annihilate his sister rivals, issuing warning lingering sounds. Since a swarm family needs at least 2 uterus, the bees do not let the remaining queens out of the queen cells, which produce a muffled muffled response.
Removing the swarm. The assembled swarm sits in one place for 15 minutes or more, and in the shade can sit until the next day, until it is warmed by the sun. In our practice, there were also cases when a swarm, which had been planted high on the tree, swarmed for more than 2 days on warm sunny days, which usually does not last long for a long time. Probably, the bees that had come off did not find a place for themselves, or it was suddenly occupied by another swarm. And the second even more interesting case, when the swarm-vtak settled on the top of the oak, rebuilt honeycomb, which was placed until the deep autumn.
Regardless of where the swarm is sitting, in the sun or in the shade, it should be collected as soon as possible. Because at this time swarms from other families can go away and go for the smell of the first, forming a giant landfill swarm.
To remove the swarm, a roevna is brought under it. Spoon, scoop or push the hands pour or shake the bees there. Bees from the rove should be slightly pointed with a thin blade of grass in the rovnyu. Replenishment of the rookery is repeated several times, so the rover is left open so that the roar and the scent of the swarm attract the remaining bees. Bees sitting in inaccessible for their removal place, smoke with smoke, and they join the bulk of bees. The bees gathered in the rover are closed and put in a cool, better in the basement or in the shade of trees, bushes. Roy with the uterus sitting quietly. If there is no uterus in the swarm, the bees are worried, run around in the rover and hum, and when the closure is closed, the leaves leave it.
To facilitate the work and avoid the removal of the swarm, at the beginning of its exit you need to sit down from the side of the hive near the tap and watch the exit of the uterus. At swarming, the uterus never leaves the first of the hive. Usually it flies when half the bees leave the hive. Before it takes off, it passes a considerable distance along the landing board or the front wall of the hive. At this time, cover it with a cap or glass. Then slip a sheet of paper and the uterus is transplanted into the cell. The cell with the uterus is suspended from the top of the rovney.
Roevna with the help of a pole put in the place of the largest summer of swarm bees. If for some reason the bees do not sit down in the rova, but are privatized elsewhere, worry and take them off should not be. Bees will soon find out that among them there is no uterus, and will go back to their hive. At this time, before the hatching of the detached hive, a roving with a uterus is put, and all swarm bees will gather into it. You can do it differently: while the bees are spinning, the beehive of the detached family is transferred to another place or pushed back and unfolded into another summer-friendly side. In place of the foster family, another hive is put, completely or 3/4 filled with frames with honey, sushi and one honey-pearl frame in case of prolonged bad weather.
On the top block of the frame, put the cell with the uterus. Returned to the former place, the bees find their uterus in the hive and rebuild their nest with the energy peculiar to swarm bees. In the evening of the same day, the uterus is released from the cells. The swarm is enhanced by the flight bees of the outgoing family.
In windy weather and in the absence of landmarks in the apiary, it happens that the swarming bees fly to a beehive of one of the bee colonies. In this case, quite often a significant number of bees are killed. To prevent this, you need to put a roovin in front of the hive’s hut, and when all the beehive bees are gathered, remove it.
If the uterus has managed to enter into another’s hive, it can be saved. The bees do not kill someone else’s uterus, but enclose it in a tight tangle formed by them and do not feed them, as a result the uterus dies of hunger.
Significantly facilitates the work on the removal of swarms using the stitches. To do this, in slightly shaded places on portable poles fix the burned from below boards, croaker or hang the frame of the old land. The bees attract a well-polished canvas, as well as rubbing the tree with propolis, dark queen cells, melissa leaves, moth, mint, lemon peel.
The beekeeper is obliged to trace which family the swarm has departed from. This is necessary in order to withdraw from the outgrowth of the family superfluous swarm queen cells in order to avoid a second swarming. Determine the family that released the swarm, it is possible in the evening. At the end of summer bees from the rovney, a few bees are poured out and sprinkled with flour. Upon returning to one of the beehives, the labeled bees determine the recovered family.
Detached bee colonies are examined on the same or the next day, leaving one of the best printed mothers in it, and the rest are removed. If this is not done, the family, prone to swarming, on the 8th-9th day, after the release of the first swarm, may again come off. Such a swarm is called the second one, and in 2-3 days a third swarm, a third and subsequent small swarms, can emerge. The second and subsequent swarms are less demanding for the weather and time of day. They come out with young uterus, often in a swarm there are several of them and often sit separately. All of them need to be gathered in a rover.
In some years, with hot summer and weak honey, there are so many swarms that from the swarming in the hives there are almost no bees left, families are being Israelis. Even the non-virgin families are roused by a peculiar roar. As a result, premature swarming occurs. In some cases, even families who have not laid queen cells are “swarming,” and also previously planted swarms in the hive with barren uterus. Spinning around in the apiary, the bees return back to their hive.
Bees often replace feces taken from them, fistular. To prevent swarming on the 6-7th day after the release of the swarm, the family is again inspected to remove possible fistula queen cells.
Planting a swarm. Swarms in the hives are usually planted in the evening, but a swarm with a fetal uterus, if it is framed with an open brood, can be planted immediately after the swarm is removed or at another free time of the day.
The nest of the swarm is completed at the rate of 3-4 frames per 1 kg of bees. On the south side of the nest put a honey-peg frame. Then, interspersed with the honeycombs, the frames with the wax are placed. The brood frame is placed in the middle of the nest before the swarm is planted to prevent it from gathering from the hive. The framework is covered with a canvas or ceiling boards. From above into the free lateral space in several receptions the bees are poured out, lightly lightening them so that they pass into the nest.
However, it is better to plant bees through the summer. To plant the swarm to the board at the level of the pilot, a lid or a special “gangway” board is attached. Before the fly, a few bees are poured. As soon as they get their bearings and go to the hive, they pour out the next, this time a large batch of bees, until the rovawn is empty. After 20-30 minutes, the bees calm down and begin to work.
Landing in the hive dump swarms and the union of weak swarms in one spend in the evening through the summer. The bees are shaken out of the grove as far away from the tap as possible, so that the uterus going to the hive are seen. One of them is allowed to enter the hive, the rest are caught, put in boxes and put on top of the frames for 2-3 days. If this is not done, then a significant part of the bees, the sisters of seized queens, will return to the maternal families.
Swarms with barren uteri are planted only in the evening in the hives, put in shaded places from the midday sun. Bees with barren uteri do not rebuild a wax, so put a hole in the nest, and as soon as the uterus starts laying eggs, add frames with a wax, and to reinforce – with brood.
It is noted that if a bee family with a barren uterus in the nest give brood, bees often kill their uterus and lay the fistula queen cells.
Day after 2-3 evening swarms are examined to determine the presence of the uterus. The presence of the uterus is indicated by the absence of fistula cells. In families with barren uteri, the presence of queens is determined visually and by the behavior of bees. At the same time, possible breaks of the honeycombs are eliminated and possible cases of nest rebuilding are not on the honeycombs, but behind the diaphragm.
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