Bezotovy hive
Honey bees during wintering use food that has been stored in the summer. They lost the ability to hibernate, which was with their ancestors. That is why these insects prepare a large amount of food to ensure the need for it for the whole year. Food bees – nectar and pollen of plants – are in nature not for long and only in a favorable time, and the family needs a stern all year round. This necessitated the invention of ways of storing and preserving these products. Such an opportunity arose in connection with the construction of cell cameras, the shape of which is determined by their function. It is a hexagonal vessel for honey and perga.
Bee and drones, as well as the motherhood – the cradle of a growing organism from an egg to an adult insect. To do this, in the collar located in the bee nest, the appropriate conditions (temperature and humidity) are provided, which contribute to the formation of the embryo and development of the organism. In winter, honeycombs are needed for the convenient location of the bees that form the club. Another function of cells is capacity for feed. Such circumstances make it possible to abandon the honeycomb during wintering.
This is very important, because honeycombs are in many cases just not needed. This is when they are infected and need to be processed if they are not suitable for wintering food. Do not need a honeycomb and then, when before wintering, as well as at its different stages, honey in them can or has crystallized, if it is necessary to destroy the wax moth in the honeycombs.
To do this, you can use the newly created hive.
The figure depicts a beehive for the wintering of bees without honeycombs. It is a cylinder 1 made of wood, cardboard, metal mesh or other materials. Its ceiling 2 is a circle or polyhedron with a diameter of 30 cm with holes
It is recessed by 4 mm and is connected to grooves 6. A hole 18-20 mm in diameter is drilled in the bottom of the hole for fusion of the food. It is covered with a wooden cap with a long handle 9. At the opposite end of the trough outside the hive there is an indicator recess 10 20 mm deep. It connects to the sump with grooves 6. The indicator groove is designed to control the level of feed in the feeder, the passage of a rare feed through the location of the bees and to determine the consistency of the feed.
When the food dries up, a solid film forms, as a result of which its feeding stops. To prevent this, it is necessary to remove the jar and add 10% water to the syrup (behind the volume, a half glass of 1 liter of syrup).
In the middle of the hive, under the trough, there is a drum-lattice 11, which is a mechanical support for the club of the bee family. Manufacture of a drum of plates, cardboard or plywood. Plates are placed in grooves at a distance of 20 ± 5 mm one from one. The depth of the grooves is 1 / 8-1 / 4 of the width of the plate. Drum-grate after embedding in the hive is fixed with wooden pegs 12, which are inserted into the holes drilled in the wall of the hive. Part of its grating is also inserted between the trough and the ceiling. In a resisting grid, bees can move in any direction. On the lower perimeter of the hive are fixed with a metal net 13 – the bottom of the hive.
In the sump-settler ring 7 we put a three – four liter jar filled with honey satiety or sugar syrup, and turned upside down. In a horizontally placed feed box, the level of a rare 4 mm feed from its feeder is maintained automatically.
In a beehive beehive, the bee family is placed in a period when it is brought into the winter hut, at a temperature of 1-7 њ below zero. Do it this way. To the frame hive with the family raise the beehive hive. Remove the net-bottom and put the hive upside down on the roof of the frame hive. Then remove the drum, attach to the hive the end of the sleeve of a thin elastic film the size, which makes it possible to fit the frame. The length of the sleeve of the film is about a meter. In the upper hole, a honeycomb with bees is placed and shaken.
When all the bees are shaken off, they carefully put the drum and fix it with pegs 12 and close it with a net-bottom 13. The beehive is turned into the usual position, brought to the winterer and placed on the rack. Make a rack in the form of two parallel bars, placed horizontally in level at a distance of 35-36 cm from each other. The parts of the feeders that protrude from the hives are hung on bars. In the recess 7 put up the bottom of the bank, filled with honey satiety or sugar syrup.
The syrup is cooked so. In a three-liter jar, 2 kg of sugar is poured and filled with dill to filling. Stir well to allow the sugar to completely dissolve. Ready syrup is filtered through gauze. It is even better to fill a full-sized bank with honey. For the preparation of honey, fit any honey, except heath and padevoy. Honey is warmed with water at a temperature of 50-70 њ, so that the crystals completely dissolve, and ready to eat. During the wintering without honeycombs, the bee-keeper controls the feed consumption. He timely adds food to the extent of its use. Wintering without honeycomb passes normally in the hibernate at a temperature of 0- + 6 њ C, a possible decrease to -5 њ C.
On the day of the first spring flight, disinfected frame hives with honeycombs should be placed at the apiary point. On safe apiaries honeycomb can be with sealed honey. Empty honeycomb on the day of flying around is filled with warm sugar syrup or honey sated, cooked from honey from well-off families. Cells should be heated to 25-30 њ C.
And from the cans merge a rare food. When the temperature reaches +12 њ C in the shade, the beehive beehives are taken out to the pasey estrus. Of these, bees are shaken into frame hives on prepared frames with food. Part of the sealed honey is printed.
If it gets colder, it is not necessary to hurry with the putting up of bees, even when the families in the beehive-free hives were taken out, it is better to return them to the winter hut.
Traditional wintering of bees creates a shortage of queens in the spring. This is because only one womb hibernates in one family. That is why in autumn, after the connection of very weak families that are unable to overwinter, extra uteruses appear on the apiary, and in the apiary there are not enough queens in the spring.
Beekeepers are forced to look for queens in other farms or display on their apiary, which through frequent cooling does not always succeed. In addition, at this time the family supplies are not supplied with nectar and pollen. This leads to underfed larvae, which should become uterus. Cooling also raises the thermal regime of the incubation of the queens. These factors reduce the quality of the queens. Let us also note that at the present time bee families have the least population, therefore, the formation of a family-educator needs for the most part its strengthening, and in spring there are no drones in apiaries.
Therefore, in order to ensure the fertilization of the queens for 10-12 days to the laying of queen cells, parent turtles should already have a brood brood. This significantly increases the cost of the queens. So, there is a question of wintering the right number of queens. If the problem is solved positively, it will be possible to remove the queens at the most favorable period – during the swarming period.
In summer, the conditions for incubating the queens are most favorable. The apiaries have enough drones for mating. The great strength of families without unnecessary efforts will make it possible to create nucleuses for young unproductive queens. You can withdraw the queens as much as necessary for the farm. The withdrawn uterus is now naiprofit and the cheapest.
In the autumn, nucleuses, regardless of strength, are combined with the preservation of the queens in the beehive hives. This method consists in making holes in the stela of the cell-free hive beyond the size of the cells with uterus. Cylindrical or rectangular cells are manufactured with plastics or other materials. The cylinder diameter is 20-25 mm, the length is 60-70 mm. There are holes in the walls and bottom of the cell. They are similar to those made in cutting bars – 4 mm wide and 8-10 years long. So, the bees pass through them, and the uterus does not exist, which excludes the meeting of the queens.
On the day of establishment of bee colonies in a winter-house at a temperature of 0-7 њ C below zero, all layers and nuclei are connected to produce families weighing about 2 kg. From the united families, the queens are selected, which are closed in cages and immediately placed in a warm place, where the temperature is not below +20 – + 25 њ C.
In the lid of the cell-free hive, the holes for the cells with uterus are closed. To frame hives with families that unite, alternately substitute a beehive hive. He is settled by bee colonies in the sequence already described. Bees from one family will be placed near the ceiling on the feeder. Joining the surrender of families is not dangerous, because at a temperature of 1-7 њ C below zero, bees do not feud. This is explained by the fact that at low temperatures they do not distinguish themselves from other homelands due to a decrease in scent and activity. It is possible that the smell of foreign bees is very weak or there is none at all, since the evaporation of aromatic substances at a low temperature is very slight.
Bezotovye beehives with united bee families are brought into the winter quarters and suspended on a shelf. After 30-40 minutes, when the family team’s club is formed, the cells with the uterus are inserted into the ceiling holes, where they are located to the cleansing spring flight.
In spring, bee colonies with many uterus are carried out only after the presence of queens is determined in all families. In the bezmatovochnye families immediately pose the queens from families where there are many. The delivery of the queens is placed in the families that formed the association of the weak, divided equally into the number of queens that remained. These families settle into frame hives. Care for them is traditional. Of course, they are few, so they should be well insulated. It is even better to provide them with a regulated heating. Such families need to give a sufficient amount of honey and pergi.
Having mastered the way of wintering many queens in one winter club, the beekeepers provide a sufficient number of queens for the spring. This makes it possible to plan a massive withdrawal of queens in a favorable period for this.
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